Cochrane · systematic review · CD013556
Effects of a gluten‐reduced or gluten‐free diet for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Schmucker, C, Eisele-Metzger, A, Meerpohl, JJ, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2022 · Cochrane Library
HeartAMSTAR 2: not assessed
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
15
current version
GRADE rated
5
No studies
10
Included studies
NR
No studies 10 · 66.7%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 2 · 13.3%Low 3 · 20%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Summary of findings (NRSIs)
Population: health professionals from the USA and participants (“healthy volunteers from the Biobank cohort”) from the UK
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Outcomes ( | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cardiovascular mortality (11.1 to 26 y) | HR 1 [0.95, 1.06] | 203063 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias |
All‐cause mortality (11.1 y) | HR 1 [0.99, 1.01] | 159265 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, indirectness |
Non‐fatal MI (26 y) | HR 0.99 [0.89, 1.1] | 43798 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Stroke | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Peripheral artery disease | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Systolic blood pressure | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Type 2 diabetes (28 y) | HR 1.14 [1.07, 1.22] | 71766 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Summary of findings (RCTs)
Population: healthy normal weighted participants recruited through leaflets from Italy
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Cardiovascular mortality | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
All‐cause mortality | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Non‐fatal MI | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Stroke | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Peripheral artery disease | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Systolic blood pressure (6 months) | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Type 2 diabetes | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |