What do systematic reviews say?

Adverse events · Children with sound primary molars, aged 2-4 years (municipal dental clinics or hospital paediatric clinics, Denmark)

Adverse events · Children who were regular dental attenders with caries-free first or second primary molars (public health service clinic, Brazil)

Mortality or serious adverse events requiring hospital admission · Adults or children at increased risk of bacterial endocarditis (pre-existing cardiac condition) undergoing an invasive dental procedure

Adverse events · Children with caries-free or non-cavitated carious lesion primary molars, aged 3-7 years (paediatric department, dental hospital, France)

Progression of non-cavitated enamel caries · Children who were regular dental attenders with caries-free first or second primary molars (public health service clinic, Brazil)

Dental development and maturation · Children and adolescents (<18 years) living with HIV (CLWH)

Clinical effectiveness · Children with carious primary teeth

All‐cause death · Patients with cardiovascular disease and chronic periodontitis

Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis/periodontitis (WHO clinical stage 3) · Children or adolescents

Chronic herpes simplex infection (WHO clinical stage 4) · Children or adolescents

Treatment failure (planned; no eligible studies) · Children with carious primary teeth after vital or non-vital pulp therapy

Change of microbiota in the patient's mouth · People undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) in a dental setting

Sex/gender differences in fluoride intake or dental-care-product contribution · Participants stratified by sex/gender (especially young children)

Acceptability and feasibility of the intervention to patients and dental healthcare providers · People undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) in a dental setting

Malocclusion or orthodontic treatment needs measured by any validated index · School children (aged 4 to 15 years), primary and secondary schools in the UK and India

Hypertension (later in life) · Healthy, term-born, normal-birth-weight infants aged 4-24 months (breastfed and/or formula-fed) in Western industrialized countries

Proportion of children with other untreated oral health needs · School children (aged 4 to 15 years), primary and secondary schools in the UK and India

Development of endocarditis due to other (non-dental) causes · Adults or children at increased risk of bacterial endocarditis (pre-existing cardiac condition) undergoing an invasive dental procedure

Development of >=1 new carious lesion (caries incidence) · Children who were regular dental attenders with caries-free first or second primary molars (public health service clinic, Brazil)

Not applicable (no eligible studies) · Children with carious primary teeth (no pulp therapy)