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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
13 questions in 4 reviews · intervention: Exposure: socioeconomic · outcome domain: Caries increment (DMFS/DMFT)
current versionsNo studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 13 · 100%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Intervention categories, outcome domains and clusters are a proposed key pending human validation. Clear all filters
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Higher national income (GNI per capita) vs Lower national income (GNI categories: middle <=$15,000 / high $15,001-25,000 / very high >$25,000) Odds of higher caries (DMFT) category · 12-year-old children across European countries (national/regional epidemiological surveys, 2011-2022) · Cross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022), Higher vs lower income (ordinal logistic regression, adjusted) Caries status in 12-year-old children, geographical location and socioeconomic conditions across European… (2025) | OR 0.10 [0.03, 0.37] | NR | Ungraded |
Higher national income (GNI per capita) vs Lower national income (GNI categories: middle <=$15,000 / high $15,001-25,000 / very high >$25,000) Caries experience (mean DMFT) · 12-year-old children across European countries (national/regional epidemiological surveys, 2011-2022) · Cross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022), Very high income (GNI >$25,000) Caries status in 12-year-old children, geographical location and socioeconomic conditions across European… (2025) | MEAN 0.90 [0.66, 1.15] | 14 studies | Ungraded |
Higher national income (GNI per capita) vs Lower national income (GNI categories: middle <=$15,000 / high $15,001-25,000 / very high >$25,000) Caries experience (mean DMFT) · 12-year-old children across European countries (national/regional epidemiological surveys, 2011-2022) · Cross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022), High income (GNI $15,001-25,000) Caries status in 12-year-old children, geographical location and socioeconomic conditions across European… (2025) | MEAN 2.38 [1.78, 2.97] | 8 studies | Ungraded |
Higher national income (GNI per capita) vs Lower national income (GNI categories: middle <=$15,000 / high $15,001-25,000 / very high >$25,000) Caries experience (mean DMFT) · 12-year-old children across European countries (national/regional epidemiological surveys, 2011-2022) · Cross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022), Middle income (GNI <=$15,000) Caries status in 12-year-old children, geographical location and socioeconomic conditions across European… (2025) | MEAN 3.30 [2.57, 4.03] | 12 studies | Ungraded |
Sociodemographic / socioeconomic factors (single-parent family, low parental education, family income, socioeconomic status) vs Absence of the factor / reference socioeconomic category Caries increment in permanent teeth · School children and adolescents (6-18 years) followed from primary dentition (baseline examination before 72 months of… Does Early Childhood Caries Increase Caries Development among School Children and Adolescents? A Systematic… (2022) | Inconsistent findings across studies; meta-analysis could not be performed as data could not be extracted. Single-parent family and low parental education were significant in one study (Saethre-Sundli 2020); higher… | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Low socioeconomic-class school vs High socioeconomic-class school Mean DMFT · School children in Dubai governmental schools · Low socioeconomic-class schools Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | MEAN 2.66 | 1 study · 779 participants | Ungraded |
Low socioeconomic status (>22.4% of the population) vs Not applicable Mean DMFT · Adult participants in 25 meta-regression studies · Unadjusted model Socioeconomic Factors and Caries in People between 19 and 60 Years of Age: An Update of a Systematic Review… (2018) | Meta-regression coefficient 10.49365 | 7 studies | Ungraded |
Populations with low socioeconomic status (>=22.4% of the population with low SES) vs Populations with higher socioeconomic status (<22.4% of the population with low SES) Dental caries experience (DMFT) · Adults aged 19-60 years · Low SES (>=22.4% with low SES) Socioeconomic Factors and Caries in People between 19 and 60 Years of Age: An Update of a Systematic Review… (2018) | MEAN 15.99 [14.35, 17.63] | 4 studies | Ungraded |
Populations with low socioeconomic status (>=22.4% of the population with low SES) vs Populations with higher socioeconomic status (<22.4% of the population with low SES) Association with dental caries experience (DMFT) by random-effects meta-regression · Adults aged 19-60 years · Unadjusted model Socioeconomic Factors and Caries in People between 19 and 60 Years of Age: An Update of a Systematic Review… (2018) | Meta-regression coefficient 10.49365 | NR | Ungraded |
Populations with low socioeconomic status (>=22.4% of the population with low SES) vs Populations with higher socioeconomic status (<22.4% of the population with low SES) Dental caries experience (DMFT) · Adults aged 19-60 years · Overall Socioeconomic Factors and Caries in People between 19 and 60 Years of Age: An Update of a Systematic Review… (2018) | MEAN 11.49 [7.50, 15.48] | 7 studies | Ungraded |
Populations with low socioeconomic status (>=22.4% of the population with low SES) vs Populations with higher socioeconomic status (<22.4% of the population with low SES) Dental caries experience (DMFT) · Adults aged 19-60 years · Higher SES (<22.4% with low SES) Socioeconomic Factors and Caries in People between 19 and 60 Years of Age: An Update of a Systematic Review… (2018) | MEAN 5.50 [-1.04, 12.03] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Populations with low socioeconomic status (>=22.4% of the population with low SES) vs Populations with higher socioeconomic status (<22.4% of the population with low SES) Association with dental caries experience (DMFT) by random-effects meta-regression · Adults aged 19-60 years · Adjusted (Model 2) Socioeconomic Factors and Caries in People between 19 and 60 Years of Age: An Update of a Systematic Review… (2018) | Meta-regression coefficient 10.35391 | NR | Ungraded |
Low socioeconomic status (>22.4% of the population) vs Not applicable Mean DMFT · Adult participants in 25 meta-regression studies · Model 2 adjusted Socioeconomic Factors and Caries in People between 19 and 60 Years of Age: An Update of a Systematic Review… (2018) | Meta-regression coefficient 10.35391 | 7 studies | Ungraded |