What do systematic reviews say?

Amethocaine vs placebo

• Topical anaesthesia for needle‐related pain in newborn infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 110 participants
  Low

Amethocaine vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether amethocaine changes successful cannulation first attempt compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Topical anaesthesia for needle‐related pain in newborn infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.21 [0.82, 1.81]
  1 study · 39 participants
  Very low

Amethocaine vs placebo

• Topical anaesthesia for needle‐related pain in newborn infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 181 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table for oro/nasopharyngeal suction vs no suction

Summary of findings table for oro/nasopharyngeal suction showed no clear difference in mortality (before discharge) compared with no suction (low certainty).

• Routine oro/nasopharyngeal suction versus no suction at birth 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.29 [0.94, 5.53]
  2 studies · 3023 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table for oro/nasopharyngeal suction vs no suction

Summary of findings table for oro/nasopharyngeal suction showed no clear difference in need for resuscitation compared with no suction (low certainty).

• Routine oro/nasopharyngeal suction versus no suction at birth 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.85 [0.69, 1.06]
  5 studies · 3791 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table for oro/nasopharyngeal suction vs no suction

Summary of findings table for oro/nasopharyngeal suction showed no clear difference in hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy compared with no suction (low certainty).

• Routine oro/nasopharyngeal suction versus no suction at birth 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.76 [0.33, 1.77]
  1 study · 509 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table for oro/nasopharyngeal suction vs no suction

Summary of findings table for oro/nasopharyngeal suction showed no clear difference in infection compared with no suction (low certainty).

• Routine oro/nasopharyngeal suction versus no suction at birth 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.76 [0.42, 1.36]
  1 study · 509 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table for oro/nasopharyngeal suction vs no suction

Summary of findings table for oro/nasopharyngeal suction showed no clear difference in admission to NICU compared with no suction (low certainty).

• Routine oro/nasopharyngeal suction versus no suction at birth 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.62, 1.08]
  2 studies · 997 participants
  Low

Pair‐wise comparison of exchange blood transfusion (EBT) plus 10% calcium gluconate intravenously vs EBT alone (change from baseline)

• Prophylactic intravenous calcium therapy for exchange blood transfusion in the newborn 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 30 participants
  Low

Pair‐wise comparison of exchange blood transfusion (EBT) plus 10% calcium gluconate intravenously vs EBT alone (change from baseline)

• Prophylactic intravenous calcium therapy for exchange blood transfusion in the newborn 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 30 participants
  Very low

Pair‐wise comparison of exchange blood transfusion (EBT) plus 10% calcium gluconate intravenously vs EBT alone (change from baseline)

• Prophylactic intravenous calcium therapy for exchange blood transfusion in the newborn 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 30 participants
  Very low

Pair‐wise comparison of exchange blood transfusion (EBT) plus 10% calcium gluconate intravenously vs EBT alone (change from baseline)

• Prophylactic intravenous calcium therapy for exchange blood transfusion in the newborn 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 30 participants
  Very low

Pair‐wise comparison of exchange blood transfusion (EBT) plus 10% calcium gluconate intravenously vs EBT alone (change from baseline)

• Prophylactic intravenous calcium therapy for exchange blood transfusion in the newborn 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 30 participants
  Very low

Frenotomy vs no frenotomy or sham procedure

Frenotomy may leads to higher infant breastfeeding assessed by validated scale ‐ IBFAT scores… compared with no frenotomy or sham procedure (low certainty).

• Frenotomy for tongue‐tie in newborn infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 58 participants
  Low

Frenotomy vs no frenotomy or sham procedure

Frenotomy showed no clear difference in infant breastfeeding assessed by validated scale ‐ LATCH scores… compared with no frenotomy or sham procedure (low certainty).

• Frenotomy for tongue‐tie in newborn infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 155 participants
  Low

Frenotomy vs no frenotomy or sham procedure

Frenotomy showed no clear difference in maternal nipple pain assessed by a validated pain scale ‐ visual… compared with no frenotomy or sham procedure (low certainty).

• Frenotomy for tongue‐tie in newborn infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 183 participants
  Low
• Frenotomy for tongue‐tie in newborn infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 58 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in death or major disability by 18 to 24 months corrected age (aligned… (high certainty).

• Effects of targeting lower versus higher arterial oxygen saturations on death or disability in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.04 [0.98, 1.1]
  5 studies · 4754 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to higher death to 18 to 24 months corrected age (high certainty).

• Effects of targeting lower versus higher arterial oxygen saturations on death or disability in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.16 [1.03, 1.31]
  5 studies · 4873 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in major disability by 18 to 24 months corrected age (aligned definition) (high certainty).

• Effects of targeting lower versus higher arterial oxygen saturations on death or disability in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.01 [0.93, 1.09]
  5 studies · 3867 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to lower retinopathy of prematurity requiring treatment (moderate certainty).

• Effects of targeting lower versus higher arterial oxygen saturations on death or disability in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.72 [0.61, 0.85]
  5 studies · 4089 participants
  Moderate