Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,252 questions · 2,353 findings · 210 reviews · Neonatal

No studies found 432 · 18.4%GRADE not reported 99 · 4.2%Very low 609 · 25.9%Low 737 · 31.3%Moderate 385 · 16.4%High 91 · 3.9%

Late paracetamol vs placebo or no intervention

Failure of PDA closure after first course of treatment (assessed by post‐treatment ECHO) · preterm or low birth weight infants with PDA

Late paracetamol showed no clear difference in failure of PDA closure after first course of treatment (assessed by… compared with placebo/no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Late paracetamol vs placebo or no intervention

Necrotizing enterocolitis during initial hospital stay (by radiological diagnosis) · preterm or low birth weight infants with PDA

Late paracetamol showed no clear difference in necrotizing enterocolitis during initial hospital stay (by… compared with placebo/no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol plus ibuprofen (oral or IV) vs ibuprofen plus placebo (oral or IV) or no intervention

Failure of PDA closure after first course of treatment (assessed by post‐treatment ECHO) · preterm or low birth weight infants with PDA

Paracetamol plus ibuprofen (oral or IV) showed no clear difference in failure of PDA closure after first course of treatment (assessed by… compared with ibuprofen plus placebo (oral or IV) or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol plus ibuprofen (oral or IV) vs ibuprofen plus placebo (oral or IV) or no intervention

Necrotizing enterocolitis during initial hospital stay (by radiological diagnosis) · preterm or low birth weight infants with PDA

Paracetamol plus ibuprofen (oral or IV) showed no clear difference in necrotizing enterocolitis during initial hospital stay (radiological… compared with ibuprofen plus placebo (oral or IV) or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol vs ibuprofen

Necrotizing enterocolitis during initial hospital stay (by radiological diagnosis) · preterm or low birth weight infants with PDA

Paracetamol showed no clear difference in necrotizing enterocolitisduring initial hospital stay (by… compared with ibuprofen (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol vs indomethacin

Failure of PDA closure after first course of treatment (assessed by post‐treatment ECHO) · preterm infants with PDA

Paracetamol showed no clear difference in failure of PDA closure after first course of treatment (assessed by… compared with indomethacin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic administration of paracetamol vs placebo or no intervention

Failure of PDA closure after first course of treatment (assessed by post‐treatment ECHO) · preterm infants with PDA

Prophylactic administration of paracetamol may leads to lower failure of PDA closure after first course (assessed by… compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic administration of paracetamol vs placebo or no intervention

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · preterm infants with PDA

Prophylactic administration of paracetamol showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality during initial hospital stay (by clinical… compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dextrose gel vs control

Correction of hypoglycaemia for each hypoglycaemic event before discharge home (investigator defined) · newborn infants with hypoglycaemia

Oral dextrose gel showed no clear difference in correction of hypoglycaemia for each hypoglycaemic event before… compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dextrose gel vs control

Major neurological disability at 2 years of age (Defined as any of the following: legal blindness, sensorineural deafness requiring hearing aids, moderate or severe cerebral palsy or developmental delay/intellectual impairment (developmental quoti... · newborn infants with hypoglycaemia

Oral dextrose gel showed no clear difference in major neurological disability at age 2 years or olderb Defined as… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dextrose gel vs control

Receipt of intravenous treatment for hypoglycaemia (yes/no) · newborn infants with hypoglycaemia

It is very uncertain whether oral dextrose gel changes receipt of intravenous treatment for hypoglycaemia before discharge… compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review