Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,281 questions · 1,361 findings · 120 reviews · Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems

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No studies found 286 · 21%GRADE not reported 61 · 4.5%Very low 381 · 28%Low 381 · 28%Moderate 228 · 16.8%High 24 · 1.8%

IPV‐OPV vs OPV

Neutralising antibodies with 2 IPV doses Geometric mean titres ( · infants

1 finding from 1 review

Sequential inactivated (IPV) and live oral (OPV) poliovirus vaccines for preventing poliomyelitis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 795 participants
Low

IPV‐OPV vs OPV

Persons with faecal polio excretion after OPV challenge (Range of · infants

IPV‐OPV showed no clear difference in persons with polio faecal excretion after OPV challenge (Range of compared with OPV (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sequential inactivated (IPV) and live oral (OPV) poliovirus vaccines for preventing poliomyelitis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.24 [0.7, 7.12]
2 studies · 916 participants
Low

IPV‐OPV vs OPV

Vaccination coverage · infants

IPV‐OPV showed no clear difference in vaccination coverage ( compared with OPV (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sequential inactivated (IPV) and live oral (OPV) poliovirus vaccines for preventing poliomyelitis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.96, 1.06]
1 participants
Low

IPV‐OPV vs OPV

Serious adverse events (classified by MedDRA) (Range of · infants

IPV‐OPV showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (classified by MedDRA) (Range of compared with OPV (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sequential inactivated (IPV) and live oral (OPV) poliovirus vaccines for preventing poliomyelitis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.46, 1.7]
4 studies · 1948 participants
Low

IPV‐OPV vs IPV

Paralytic wild polio cases at 4 years (Change level from IPV‐OPV to IPV) · infants

1 finding from 1 review

Sequential inactivated (IPV) and live oral (OPV) poliovirus vaccines for preventing poliomyelitis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 participants
Very low

IPV‐OPV vs IPV

Vaccine‐associated paralytic polio (VAPP) cases (Range of · infants

1 finding from 1 review

Sequential inactivated (IPV) and live oral (OPV) poliovirus vaccines for preventing poliomyelitis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Phonologic awareness · children and adolescents with intellectual disability

1 finding from 1 review

Beginning reading interventions for children and adolescents with intellectual disability 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 178 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Word reading · children and adolescents with intellectual disability

1 finding from 1 review

Beginning reading interventions for children and adolescents with intellectual disability 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 220 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Decoding · children and adolescents with intellectual disability

1 finding from 1 review

Beginning reading interventions for children and adolescents with intellectual disability 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 230 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Oral reading fluency · children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities

1 finding from 1 review

Beginning reading interventions for children and adolescents with intellectual disability 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 84 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Expressive and receptive language · children and adolescents with intellectual disability

1 finding from 1 review

Beginning reading interventions for children and adolescents with intellectual disability 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 222 participants
Moderate

Equivalent schedules of intradermal fractional‐dose inactivated poliovirus vaccine vs intramuscular inactivated poliovirus vaccine

Paralytic poliomyelitis (not measured) · children

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Equivalent schedules of intradermal fractional dose versus intramuscular full dose of inactivated polio vaccine for… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Equivalent schedules of intradermal fractional‐dose inactivated poliovirus vaccine vs intramuscular inactivated poliovirus vaccine

Seroconversion rate (after a single primary dose) · children

Equivalent schedules of intradermal fractional‐dose inactivated… may leads to lower seroconversion rate (after a single primary dose) compared with intramuscular inactivated poliovirus vaccine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Equivalent schedules of intradermal fractional dose versus intramuscular full dose of inactivated polio vaccine for… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.3 [0.22, 0.41]
6 studies · 2570 participants
Low

Equivalent schedules of intradermal fractional‐dose inactivated poliovirus vaccine vs intramuscular inactivated poliovirus vaccine

Seroconversion rate (after 2 primary doses) · children

Equivalent schedules of intradermal fractional‐dose inactivated… may leads to lower seroconversion rate (after 2 primary doses) compared with intramuscular inactivated poliovirus vaccine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Equivalent schedules of intradermal fractional dose versus intramuscular full dose of inactivated polio vaccine for… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.23 [0.16, 0.33]
3 studies · 981 participants
Low

Equivalent schedules of intradermal fractional‐dose inactivated poliovirus vaccine vs intramuscular inactivated poliovirus vaccine

Seroconversion rate (after 3 primary doses) · children

It is very uncertain whether equivalent schedules of intradermal fractional‐dose inactivated… changes seroconversion rate (after 3 primary doses) compared with intramuscular inactivated poliovirus vaccine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Equivalent schedules of intradermal fractional dose versus intramuscular full dose of inactivated polio vaccine for… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.45 [0.07, 3.15]
3 studies · 973 participants
Very low

Equivalent schedules of intradermal fractional‐dose inactivated poliovirus vaccine vs intramuscular inactivated poliovirus vaccine

Antibody response (geometric mean titre) · children

1 finding from 1 review

Equivalent schedules of intradermal fractional dose versus intramuscular full dose of inactivated polio vaccine for… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 4887 participants
Very low

Equivalent schedules of intradermal fractional‐dose inactivated poliovirus vaccine vs intramuscular inactivated poliovirus vaccine

Vaccine‐related adverse events · children

1 finding from 1 review

Equivalent schedules of intradermal fractional dose versus intramuscular full dose of inactivated polio vaccine for… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 4121 participants
Very low

Video feedback vs no intervention or inactive alternative intervention

Parental sensitivity · parent‐child dyads (including foster or adoptive carers), where the child was aged between birth and four years 11 months (inclusive), and…

1 finding from 1 review

Video feedback for parental sensitivity and attachment security in children under five years 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
20 studies · 1757 participants
Moderate

Video feedback vs no intervention or inactive alternative intervention

Parental reflective functioning · parent‐child dyads (including foster or adoptive carers), where the child was aged between birth and four years 11 months (inclusive), and…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Video feedback for parental sensitivity and attachment security in children under five years 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Video feedback vs no intervention or inactive alternative intervention

Attachment security Measured by: Attachment Q‐sort · parent‐child dyads (including foster or adoptive carers), where the child was aged between birth and four years 11 months (inclusive), and…

It is very uncertain whether video feedback changes attachment security Measured by: Strange Situation Procedure (odds… compared with no intervention or inactive alternative intervention (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Video feedback for parental sensitivity and attachment security in children under five years 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 3.04 [1.39, 6.67]
2 studies · 166 participants
Very low
Video feedback for parental sensitivity and attachment security in children under five years 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 131 participants
Very low