Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

592 questions · 793 findings · 32 reviews · Periodontology

No studies found 148 · 18.7%GRADE not reported 429 · 54.1%Very low 137 · 17.3%Low 53 · 6.7%Moderate 14 · 1.8%High 12 · 1.5%

Postoperative systemic antibiotics (phenoxymethylpenicillin/penicillin VK, 7-day course), partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics vs Matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics

Percussion pain at 24 hours · Adults with a symptomatic necrotic tooth or localised acute apical abscess (no signs of spreading infection or systemic involvement)

Postoperative systemic antibiotics… showed no clear difference in percussion pain at 24 hours compared with matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and…; GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Oral cancer patients (cases) vs Healthy controls

Periodontal parameters (all measures pooled) in OC cases vs controls · Adults in case-control studies (oral cancer patients vs healthy controls)

Pooling all periodontal measures, oral cancer patients had worse periodontal status than controls (SMD 0.95, 95% CI 0.41-1.49; very high heterogeneity, I2=96.8%); ungraded. Note this pools clinically different measures.

1 finding from 1 review

Non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (CLP) status and its oral microbiota (exposure/grouping) vs Children and adolescents aged 0-18 years without CLP (controls)

Streptococcus mutans count · Children and adolescents aged 0-18 years with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (CLP)

A meta-analysis of 2 studies found no difference in mean Streptococcus mutans levels between children with and without CLP, with very high heterogeneity; the evidence is ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after subgingival instrumentation (SI) vs Subgingival instrumentation (SI) alone (hand or power-driven, or both), or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT

Attachment change · Adults (> 18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of periodontitis, receiving active (non-surgical anti-infective) treatment

Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after… led to higher change in clinical attachment level (CAL) compared with subgingival instrumentation (SI) alone (hand or power-driven, or…; GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Postoperative systemic antibiotics (phenoxymethylpenicillin/penicillin VK, 7-day course), partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics vs Matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics

Pain at 24 hours · Adults with a symptomatic necrotic tooth or localised acute apical abscess (no signs of spreading infection or systemic involvement)

It is very uncertain whether postoperative systemic antibiotics… changes pain at 24 hours compared with matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Postoperative systemic antibiotics (phenoxymethylpenicillin/penicillin VK, 7-day course), partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics vs Matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics

Swelling (mean) · Adults with a symptomatic necrotic tooth or localised acute apical abscess (no signs of spreading infection or systemic involvement)

Postoperative systemic antibiotics… showed no clear difference in swelling at 48 hours compared with matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and…; GRADE not reported.

4 findings from 1 review
Show 1 more finding

Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after submucosal instrumentation (SI) vs Submucosal instrumentation (SI) alone, or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT

Change in gingival recession (REC) · Adults (> 18 years) with peri-implant mucositis, receiving active treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral cancer patients (cases) vs Healthy controls

Probing pocket depth · Adults in case-control studies (oral cancer patients vs healthy controls)

Periodontal pocket depth did not differ significantly between oral cancer patients and controls (SMD 1.64, 95% CI -0.20 to 3.47; very high heterogeneity); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after subgingival instrumentation (SI) vs Subgingival instrumentation (SI) alone (hand or power-driven, or both), or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT

Attachment change · Adults (> 18 years) with recurrent periodontitis, receiving supportive (maintenance) periodontal care

It is very uncertain whether adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after… changes change in clinical attachment level (CAL) compared with subgingival instrumentation (SI) alone (hand or power-driven, or… (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Periodontitis vs Individuals without periodontal disease (by LOA)

Malignant transformation (oral cancer development) · Adults in case-control studies of oral cancer; people assessed for periodontitis

Periodontitis is associated with roughly a threefold higher odds of oral cancer (pooled OR 2.94, 95% CI 2.13-4.07; low certainty of evidence), though heterogeneity is moderate (I2=52.4%).

1 finding from 1 review

Single preoperative dose of systemic antibiotics (clindamycin 600 mg), total chemo-mechanical debridement and root filling vs Matched placebo, total chemo-mechanical debridement and root filling

Pain at 24 hours · Adults with symptomatic apical periodontitis (no signs of spreading infection or systemic involvement)
1 finding from 1 review

Postoperative systemic antibiotics (phenoxymethylpenicillin/penicillin VK, 7-day course), partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics vs Matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics

Pain at 48 hours · Adults with a symptomatic necrotic tooth or localised acute apical abscess (no signs of spreading infection or systemic involvement)

Postoperative systemic antibiotics… showed no clear difference in pain at 48 hours compared with matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral cancer patients (cases) vs Healthy controls

Alveolar bone loss · Adults in case-control studies (oral cancer patients vs healthy controls)

Alveolar bone loss did not differ significantly between oral cancer patients and controls (SMD 0.18, 95% CI -2.34 to 2.69; extreme heterogeneity); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after submucosal instrumentation (SI) vs Submucosal instrumentation (SI) alone, or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT

Outcome not reported · Adults (> 18 years) with peri-implant mucositis, receiving supportive treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after subgingival instrumentation (SI) vs Subgingival instrumentation (SI) alone (hand or power-driven, or both), or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT

Change in bleeding on probing (BOP) · Adults (> 18 years) with recurrent periodontitis, receiving supportive (maintenance) periodontal care

Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after… showed no clear difference in change in bleeding on probing (BOP) compared with subgingival instrumentation (SI) alone (hand or power-driven, or…; GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Postoperative systemic antibiotics (phenoxymethylpenicillin/penicillin VK, 7-day course), partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics vs Matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics

Pain at 72 hours · Adults with a symptomatic necrotic tooth or localised acute apical abscess (no signs of spreading infection or systemic involvement)

It is very uncertain whether postoperative systemic antibiotics… changes pain at 72 hours compared with matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after subgingival instrumentation (SI) vs Subgingival instrumentation (SI) alone (hand or power-driven, or both), or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT

Change in bleeding on probing (BOP) · Adults (> 18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of periodontitis, receiving active (non-surgical anti-infective) treatment

It is very uncertain whether adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after… changes change in bleeding on probing (BOP) compared with subgingival instrumentation (SI) alone (hand or power-driven, or… (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review