Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,234 questions · 2,325 findings · 216 reviews · Airways

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No studies found 249 · 10.7%GRADE not reported 107 · 4.6%Very low 276 · 11.9%Low 751 · 32.3%Moderate 718 · 30.9%High 224 · 9.6%

Intervention not reported

Hospital admissions · adults and children with asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Monosodium glutamate avoidance for chronic asthma in adults and children 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Intervention not reported

Mortality · patients with asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for treatment of respiratory failure due to severe acute exacerbations of… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 86 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Endotracheal intubation · patients with asthma

The intervention showed no clear difference in endotracheal intubation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for treatment of respiratory failure due to severe acute exacerbations of… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4.48 [0.23, 89.13]
2 studies · 86 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Length of hospital stay · patients with asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for treatment of respiratory failure due to severe acute exacerbations of… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 86 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Number of hospital admissions · patients with asthma

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes number of hospital admissions (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for treatment of respiratory failure due to severe acute exacerbations of… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.28 [0.09, 0.84]
1 study · 33 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

FEV1 (% predicted) Percentage scale from: 1% to 150%. · patients with asthma

The intervention may leads to higher FEV1 (% predicted) Percentage scale from: 1% to 150%. (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for treatment of respiratory failure due to severe acute exacerbations of… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 14.02 [7.73, 20.32]
2 studies · 66 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

FVC (% predicted) Percentage scale from: 1% to 150%. · patients with asthma

The intervention may leads to higher FVC (% predicted) Percentage scale from: 1% to 150%. (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for treatment of respiratory failure due to severe acute exacerbations of… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 12.27 [4.38, 20.16]
2 studies · 66 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Respiratory rate (breaths per minute). Scale from: 12 to 40. · patients with asthma

The intervention showed no clear difference in respiratory rate (breaths per minute). Scale from: 12 to 40. (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for treatment of respiratory failure due to severe acute exacerbations of… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 146 participants
Low

Human deoxyribonuclease vs placebo

Clinical failure Number of children with no significant improvement in cough diary scores at two weeks (average of day 13 to 14) · children with primary (intrinsic) tracheomalacia

Human deoxyribonuclease showed no clear difference in clinical failure Number of children with no significant improvement… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for primary (intrinsic) tracheomalacia in children 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.38 [0.37, 5.14]
1 study · 38 participants
Low

Human deoxyribonuclease vs placebo

Cough · children with primary (intrinsic) tracheomalacia

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for primary (intrinsic) tracheomalacia in children 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 38 participants
Low

Human deoxyribonuclease vs placebo

Night time cough diary score (change from baseline) · children with primary (intrinsic) tracheomalacia

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for primary (intrinsic) tracheomalacia in children 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 38 participants
Low

Human deoxyribonuclease vs placebo

Night time VAS (change from baseline) · children with primary (intrinsic) tracheomalacia

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for primary (intrinsic) tracheomalacia in children 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 38 participants
Low

Human deoxyribonuclease vs placebo

Difficulty expectorating sputum score (change from baseline) · children with primary (intrinsic) tracheomalacia

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for primary (intrinsic) tracheomalacia in children 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 38 participants
Low

Human deoxyribonuclease vs placebo

FVC (% predicted) Change from baseline · children with primary (intrinsic) tracheomalacia

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for primary (intrinsic) tracheomalacia in children 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 27 participants
Low

Human deoxyribonuclease vs placebo

FEV1 · children with primary (intrinsic) tracheomalacia

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for primary (intrinsic) tracheomalacia in children 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 27 participants
Low

Combined inhalers vs LABA

Annual Exacerbation Rates · COPD

Combined inhalers may leads to lower annual Exacerbation Rates compared with LABAs (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Rate ratio 0.76 [0.68, 0.84]
9 studies · 99211 participants
Low

Combined inhalers vs LABA

Exacerbations (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 exacerbations) · COPD

Combined inhalers probably leads to lower number of people experiencing one or more exacerbations compared with LABAs (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.83 [0.7, 0.98]
6 studies · 3357 participants
Moderate

Combined inhalers vs LABA

Annual hospitalisation rates · COPD

It is very uncertain whether combined inhalers changes annual hospitalisation rates compared with LABAs (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Rate ratio 0.79 [0.55, 1.13]
3 studies · 48791 participants
Very low

Combined inhalers vs LABA

All‐cause mortality · COPD

Combined inhalers showed no clear difference in mortality compared with LABAs (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.92 [0.76, 1.11]
10 studies · 10681 participants
Moderate

Combined inhalers vs LABA

Pneumonia · COPD

Combined inhalers probably leads to higher pneumonia compared with LABAs (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.55 [1.2, 2.01]
12 studies · 11076 participants
Moderate