What do systematic reviews say?

Vestibular rehabilitation vs no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐pharmacological interventions for prophylaxis of vestibular migraine 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intranasal steroid drops vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for the prevention of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

CBT vs audiological care (tinnitus education and rehabilitation

• Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 410 participants
  Moderate

CBT vs TRT (directive counselling and bilateral masking)

CBT showed no clear difference in serious adverse effects compared with TRT (directive counselling and bilateral masking) (low certainty).

• Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.45 [0.04, 4.64]
  1 study · 42 participants
  Low

CBT vs other experimental control

CBT showed no clear difference in serious adverse effects compared with other experimental control (low certainty).

• Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.7 [0.16, 18.36]
  6 studies · 595 participants
  Low

Tranexamic acid vs alternative haemostatic agents

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Tranexamic acid for patients with nasal haemorrhage (epistaxis) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Tranexamic acid vs placebo + standard care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Tranexamic acid for patients with nasal haemorrhage (epistaxis) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

CBT vs no treatment or waiting list

CBT showed no clear difference in serious adverse effects at end of treatment compared with no intervention/waiting list control (moderate certainty).

• Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3 [0.13, 69.87]
  7 studies · 447 participants
  Moderate

Gingko biloba with concurrent intervention vs concurrent intervention only

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Ginkgo biloba for tinnitus 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Ginkgo biloba vs placebo

• Ginkgo biloba for tinnitus 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 1154 participants
  Low