What do systematic reviews say?

PFMT added to continence pessary vs continence pessary alone

PFMT added to continence pessary showed no clear difference in condition‐specific quality of life at 12 months Urogenital Distress… compared with continence pessary alone (moderate certainty).

• Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for urinary… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.81 [0.62, 1.08]
  1 study · 207 participants
  Moderate

Yoga vs no breathing exercises

• Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 45 participants
  Moderate

Manual therapy, prescribed exercises or both vs no intervention or minimal intervention

• Manual therapy and exercise for lateral elbow pain 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 113 participants
  Low

Anticholinergic medication vs placebo

Anticholinergics showed no clear difference in mean change from baseline in condition‐specific quality of lifeScale… compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 4.41
  12 studies · 6804 participants
  Low

Combinations of conservative treatments vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Combinations of conservative treatments showed no clear difference in condition‐specific quality of life: using validated questionnaires,… compared with no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction (moderate certainty).

• Conservative interventions for managing urinary incontinence after prostate surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 788 participants
  Moderate

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) plus biofeedback vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Conservative interventions for managing urinary incontinence after prostate surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Electrical or magnetic stimulation vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Conservative interventions for managing urinary incontinence after prostate surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Screws vs fixed angle plates

• Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 521 participants
  Low

Screws or pins vs fixed angle plates

• Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 521 participants
  Low

Knee replacement with tourniquet vs knee replacement without tourniquet

• Tourniquet use for knee replacement surgery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 199 participants
  Low

Augmentation of current antidepressant (various) with quetiapine (150 mg/d to 300 mg/d) vs augmentation of current antidepressant (various) with placebo

• Pharmacological interventions for treatment‐resistant depression in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 884 participants
  Moderate

Prevention of UI after radical: combinations of treatments vs no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• House dust mite reduction and avoidance measures for treating eczema 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intranasal steroid spray vs placebo

• Topical and oral steroids for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Spiritual practice vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Physical exercise training vs no exercise

• Exercise training for advanced lung cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 90 participants
  Low

Intervention diet vs control diet

• Dietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 51 participants
  Low

Oral hygiene interventions (mechanical plaque removal): knowledge-based, behavioural, or skills training for people with ID or their carers vs Usual care, no care, or a similar alternative intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No studies measured quality of life changes or long-term, patient-centred outcomes as formal outcomes; some studies commented on quality of life only in the discussion or conclusion sections.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Anticholinergic medication vs other treatments

• Anticholinergic medication for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Withdrawal of anticholinergic medication vs continuing anticholinergic medication

• Anticholinergic medication for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported