What do systematic reviews say?

Early vs late tracheostomy

Early showed no clear difference in overall mortality compared with late tracheostomy (low certainty).

• Early versus late tracheostomy in critically ill COVID‐19 patients 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.52, 1.29]
  1 study · 150 participants
  Low

Human activated protein C vs heparin

• Treatment for disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with acute and chronic leukemia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 132 participants
  GRADE not reported

Tranexamic acid vs placebo

• Treatment for disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with acute and chronic leukemia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 12 participants
  GRADE not reported

Dermatan vs heparin

• Treatment for disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with acute and chronic leukemia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 10 participants
  GRADE not reported

Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin vs heparin

• Treatment for disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with acute and chronic leukemia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 234 participants
  GRADE not reported

First‐line allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation of HLA‐matched sibling donors vs first‐line ciclosporin and/or antithymocyte or antilymphocyte globulin

First‐line allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation of… showed no clear difference in overall mortality compared with first‐line ciclosporin and/or antithymocyte or antilymphocyte globulin (low certainty).

• First‐line allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation of HLA‐matched sibling donors compared with first‐line… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.95 [0.45, 1.91]
  3 studies · 203 participants
  Low

ATRA in addition to chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

ATRA in addition to chemotherapy showed no clear difference in mortality (instead of overall survival) compared with chemotherapy only (moderate certainty).

• Effects of all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in addition to chemotherapy for adults with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.94 [0.87, 1.02]
  7 studies · 2985 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in mortality (instead of overall survival)[2] (moderate certainty).

• Interleukin‐2 as maintenance therapy for children and adults with acute myeloid leukaemia in first complete remission 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.05 [0.95, 1.16]
  5 studies · 1355 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in mortality (calculated instead of overall survival) (moderate certainty).

• Chemotherapy alone versus chemotherapy plus radiotherapy for adults with early stage Hodgkin lymphoma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.48 [0.22, 1.06]
  5 studies · 1388 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to higher mortality (calculated instead of overall survival) (low certainty).

• Chemotherapy alone versus chemotherapy plus radiotherapy for adults with early stage Hodgkin lymphoma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 2.12 [1.03, 4.37]
  1 study · 276 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in treatment‐related mortality ‐ overall analysis (at 3 years) (moderate certainty).

• High‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation for patients with relapsed/refractory Hodgkin… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.61 [0.16, 2.22]
  2 studies · 157 participants
  Moderate

IV or oral iron alone vs no treatment

IV or oral iron alone showed no clear difference in overall mortality4 (Subnet based on 71 studies including 21,576… compared with no treatment (low certainty).

• Intravenous iron versus oral iron versus no iron with or without erythropoiesis‐ stimulating agents (ESA) for cancer… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.5 [0.63, 3.56]
  Studies not reported
  Low

ESA with or without iron vs no treatment

ESA with or without iron showed no clear difference in overall mortality4 (Subnet based on 71 studies including 21,576… compared with no treatment (low certainty).

• Intravenous iron versus oral iron versus no iron with or without erythropoiesis‐ stimulating agents (ESA) for cancer… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.46 [0.87, 2.43]
  Studies not reported
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to lower mortality sensitivity analysis (calculated instead of overall… (moderate certainty).

• Chemotherapy alone versus chemotherapy plus radiotherapy for adults with early stage Hodgkin lymphoma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.31 [0.19, 0.52]
  3 studies · 816 participants
  Moderate