Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

33 questions · 37 findings · 9 reviews · Airways

No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 2 · 5.4%Very low 5 · 13.5%Low 9 · 24.3%Moderate 17 · 45.9%High 4 · 10.8%

Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol vs formoterol

Non‐fatal serious adverse events · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol showed no clear difference in non‐fatal serious adverse events compared with formoterol (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol vs placebo

Non‐fatal serious adverse events · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol showed no clear difference in non‐fatal serious adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol vs aclidinium alone

Non‐fatal serious adverse events · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol showed no clear difference in non‐fatal serious adverse events compared with aclidinium alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tiotropium + LABA/ICS combination vs tiotropium

Non‐fatal serious adverse events · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Tiotropium + LABA/ICS combination showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (non‐fatal) compared with tiotropium (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

160/4.5 mcg BDF single inhaler therapy vs current best practice

Non‐fatal serious adverse events · adults with asthma not well controlled on ICS

160/4.5 mcg BDF single inhaler therapy showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (non‐fatal) compared with current best practice (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Non‐fatal, serious adverse events (all) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐fatal, serious adverse events (all) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Non‐fatal, serious adverse events (all) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐fatal, serious adverse events (all) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Children: formoterol/fluticasone vs regular salmeterol and fluticasone

Non‐fatal serious adverse events · children with chronic asthma

Children: formoterol/fluticasone showed no clear difference in all‐cause non‐fatal serious adverse events compared with salmeterol/fluticasone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regular formoterol and ICS vs same‐dose ICS

Asthma‐related non‐fatal serious adverse events · adults, chronic asthma: all‐cause mortality

Regular formoterol and ICS showed no clear difference in asthma‐related non‐fatal serious adverse events compared with same‐dose ICS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regular formoterol and ICS vs same‐dose ICS

Asthma‐related non‐fatal serious adverse events · children and adolescents with chronic asthma

It is very uncertain whether regular formoterol and ICS changes asthma‐related non‐fatal serious adverse events compared with same‐dose ICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review