Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

12 questions · 13 findings · 8 reviews · Heart

No studies found 1 · 7.7%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 3 · 23.1%Moderate 8 · 61.5%High 1 · 7.7%

Intervention not reported

Fatal and non‐fatal myocardial infarction · Free‐living adults who were healthy, had established cardiovascular disease or risk factors for cardiovascular disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

clopidogrel plus aspirin vs aspirin

Fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction · people with coronary disease, ischaemic cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease or at high risk of atherothrombotic disease

clopidogrel plus aspirin probably leads to lower fatal and non‐fatal myocardial infarction compared with aspirin alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Statins vs Control at 4 months (3 ‐ 6 months)

Fatal & Nonfatal myocardial infarction or reinfarction · patients with acute coronary syndrome

Statins showed no clear difference in fatal and non‐fatal myocardial infarction or reinfarction compared with control at 4 months (3 to 6 months) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fibrates vs control

Fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction · People with previous clinical manifestations of cardiovascular disease, transient ischaemic attack, or stroke

Fibrates probably leads to lower myocardial infarction (non‐fatal or fatal) during the treatment and… compared with control (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Fibrates vs control

Stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death · People with previous clinical manifestations of cardiovascular disease, transient ischaemic attack, or stroke

Fibrates probably leads to lower composite outcome of non‐fatal stroke, non‐fatal myocardial… compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Coronary heart disease (death from cardiovascular causes and non‐fatal myocardial infarction) · Post‐menopausal women

The intervention probably leads to lower coronary heart disease (death from cardiovascular causes and… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Coronary heart disease (death from cardiovascular causes and non‐fatal myocardial infarction) · Post‐menopausal women

The intervention showed no clear difference in coronary heart disease (death from cardiovascular causes and… (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Statins vs Control at 4 months (3 ‐ 6 months)

Combined outcome of non‐fatal myocardial infarction, non‐fatal stroke, and total number of deaths · patients with acute coronary syndrome

Statins showed no clear difference in combined outcome of non‐fatal myocardial infarction, non‐fatal… compared with control at 4 months (3 to 6 months) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fibrates vs control

Composite outcome of non‐fatal stroke, non‐fatal myocardial infarction, and vascular death without clofibrate · People with previous clinical manifestations of cardiovascular disease, transient ischaemic attack, or stroke

Fibrates showed no clear difference in composite outcome of non‐fatal stroke, non‐fatal myocardial… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) vs no RIPC

Composite endpoint (including all‐cause mortality, non‐fatal myocardial infarction and/or any new stroke assessed at 30 days after surgery) · people undergoing CABG (with or without valve surgery)

RIPC showed no clear difference in composite endpoint (including all‐cause mortality, non‐fatal… compared with no RIPC (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic corticosteroids vs placebo or no corticosteroids

Cardiac complications (as defined by study authors, including cardiac compromise and fatal and non‐fatal myocardial infarction, defined as ECG changes, echocardiological changes, or disproportionate elevation of troponins, during the index hospita... · adults diagnosed with coronary artery disease or cardiac valve disease, and candidates for cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

Prophylactic corticosteroids may leads to higher cardiac complications (as defined by study authors, including… compared with placebo or no corticosteroids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review