Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

6 questions · 6 findings · 5 reviews · Neonatal

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No studies found 1 · 16.7%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 3 · 50%Moderate 2 · 33.3%High 0 · 0%

Salbutamol vs placebo

Chronic lung disease · preterm infants (< 37 weeks GA) at risk of chronic lung disease

Summary of findings table ‐ Salbutamol showed no clear difference in chronic lung disease at 28 days compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled bronchodilators for the prevention and treatment of chronic lung disease in preterm infants 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.78, 1.37]
1 study · 173 participants
Low

Vitamin A vs no supplementation

Death or chronic lung disease · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk

Supplemental vitamin A probably leads to lower death or chronic lung disease (oxygen use at 28 days) compared with no supplementation (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A supplementation to prevent mortality and short‐ and long‐term morbidity in very low birth weight infants 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.88, 0.99]
6 studies · 1165 participants
Moderate

Rescue high‐frequency jet ventilation vs conventional ventilation

Chronic lung disease · preterm infants with severe pulmonary dysfunction

Rescue high‐frequency jet ventilation showed no clear difference in chronic lung disease at 28 days of birth (CLD 28 days) compared with conventional ventilation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rescue high‐frequency jet ventilation versus conventional ventilation for severe pulmonary dysfunction in preterm… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.77 [0.54, 1.07]
1 study · 97 participants
Low

Vitamin A vs no supplementation

Chronic lung disease · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk

Supplemental vitamin A showed no clear difference in chronic lung disease (oxygen use at 28 days in survivors) compared with no supplementation (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A supplementation to prevent mortality and short‐ and long‐term morbidity in very low birth weight infants 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.86, 1.01]
7 studies · 1070 participants
Moderate

HFNC vs low flow nasal cannula (LFNC)

Chronic lung disease · respiratory support in term infants (infants ≥ 37 weeks gestational age to the end of the neonatal period (up to 1 month postnatal age))

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

High flow nasal cannula for respiratory support in term infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Caffeine vs other methylxanthines

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease · preterm infants

Caffeine showed no clear difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease: defined as 28 days… compared with other methylxanthines (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Caffeine versus other methylxanthines for the prevention and treatment of apnea in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.4 [0.92, 2.11]
Studies not reported
Low