It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes all‐cause mortality at maximum (very low certainty).
Antibiotics showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality at maximum compared with placebo or no intervention (high certainty).
The intervention probably leads to lower all‐cause mortality at maximum (moderate certainty).
It is very uncertain whether cefazolin plus amikacin changes all‐cause mortality maximum compared with vancomycin plus amikacin (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether vancomycin plus gentamicin changes all‐cause mortality maximum compared with vancomycin plus aztreonam (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid changes all‐cause mortality maximum compared with flucloxacillin and gentamicin (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether cloxacillin plus amikacin changes all‐cause mortality maximum compared with cefotaxime plus gentamicin (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether meropenem changes all‐cause mortality maximum compared with standard care (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether ampicillin plus gentamicin changes all‐cause mortality maximum compared with penicillin plus gentamicin (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether piperacillin changes all‐cause mortality maximum compared with ampicillin plus amikacin (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether piperacillin plus tazobactam changes all‐cause mortality maximum compared with amikacin (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid changes all‐cause mortality maximum compared with piperacillin plus gentamicin (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether cefepime changes all‐cause mortality Maximum compared with ceftazidime (very low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
Beta‐blockers probably leads to lower all‐cause mortality at maximum compared with placebo or no intervention (moderate certainty).
It is very uncertain whether direct‐acting antivirals changes all‐cause mortality at maximum compared with control (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether direct‐acting antivirals withdrawn from the market changes all‐cause mortality at maximum compared with control (very low certainty).
Drug‐eluting stents showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality at maximum compared with bare‐metal stents (low certainty).
External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) plus transarterial… may leads to lower all‐cause mortality (at maximum 1‐year compared with TACE alone (low certainty).