Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,337 questions · 1,354 findings · 566 reviews

No studies found 307 · 22.7%GRADE not reported 81 · 6%Very low 424 · 31.3%Low 310 · 22.9%Moderate 189 · 14%High 43 · 3.2%

Celecoxib vs tNSAIDs

Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · patients with osteoarthritis

It is very uncertain whether celecoxib changes number experiencing any serious adverse events compared with tNSAIDs (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Celecoxib vs placebo

Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · patients with osteoarthritis

It is very uncertain whether celecoxib changes number experiencing any serious adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lactulose vs lactitol

Non‐serious adverse events (secondary outcome) · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

It is very uncertain whether lactulose changes non‐serious adverse events (secondary outcome) compared with lactitol (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐absorbable disaccharides vs placebo or no intervention

Non‐serious adverse events (secondary outcome) · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

It is very uncertain whether non‐absorbable disaccharides changes non‐serious adverse events (secondary outcome) compared with placebo/no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Recombinant activated factor VII vs placebo

Serious adverse events by total adverse events · patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and liver diseases.

Recombinant human factor VII activated showed no clear difference in serious adverse events by total adverse events compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Infliximab combined with purine analogues vs purine analogues

Serious adverse events (at 48 weeks to 2 years) · Participants with Crohn's disease in remission

It is very uncertain whether infliximab combined with purine analogues changes serious adverse events (at 48 weeks to 2 years) compared with purine analogues (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Helium vs carbon dioxide

Pneumoperitoneum‐related serious adverse events · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether helium changes pneumoperitoneum‐related serious adverse events compared with carbon dioxide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regular formoterol and ICS vs same‐dose ICS

Asthma‐related non‐fatal serious adverse events · adults, chronic asthma: all‐cause mortality

Regular formoterol and ICS showed no clear difference in asthma‐related non‐fatal serious adverse events compared with same‐dose ICS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regular formoterol and ICS vs same‐dose ICS

Asthma‐related non‐fatal serious adverse events · children and adolescents with chronic asthma

It is very uncertain whether regular formoterol and ICS changes asthma‐related non‐fatal serious adverse events compared with same‐dose ICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Laser ablation vs radiofrequency ablation

Serious adverse events (number of participants) · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for surgery

It is very uncertain whether laser ablation changes serious adverse events (number of participants) compared with radiofrequency ablation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transarterial embolisation plus radiofrequency ablation vs radiofrequency ablation

Serious adverse events (number of participants) · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for surgery

It is very uncertain whether transarterial embolisation plus radiofrequency ablation changes serious adverse events (number of participants) compared with radiofrequency ablation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transarterial embolisation plus percutaneous alcohol injection vs percutaneous alcohol injection

Serious adverse events (number of participants) · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for surgery

It is very uncertain whether transarterial embolisation plus percutaneous alcohol injection changes serious adverse events (number of participants) compared with percutaneous alcohol injection (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Percutaneous ethanol injection vs radiofrequency ablation

Serious adverse events (number of participants) · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for surgery

It is very uncertain whether percutaneous alcohol injection changes serious adverse events (number of participants) compared with radiofrequency ablation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review