Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

84 questions · 84 findings · 31 reviews · Dementia and Cognitive Improvement

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No studies found 14 · 16.7%GRADE not reported 6 · 7.1%Very low 14 · 16.7%Low 21 · 25%Moderate 24 · 28.6%High 5 · 6%

Active tDCS plus semantic and phonological word‐retrieval training vs sham tDCS plus semantic and phonological word‐retrieval training

Adverse events · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA)

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary progressive aphasia 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 37 participants
Very low

Active tDCS plus phonological word‐retrieval training vs sham tDCS plus phonological word‐retrieval training

Adverse events · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA)

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary progressive aphasia 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 6 participants
Very low

Active tDCS plus semantic word‐retrieval training vs sham tDCS plus semantic word‐retrieval training

Adverse events · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA)

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary progressive aphasia 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 3 participants
Very low

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) vs active control‐site rTMS

Adverse events · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA)

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary progressive aphasia 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 27 participants
Very low

tDCS vs sham tDCS

Adverse events · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA)

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary progressive aphasia 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 15 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Psychosocial interventions intended primarily to reduce antipsychotic use vs (Optimised) usual care

Adverse events · Residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for reducing antipsychotic medication in care home residents 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 3 participants
High

Summary of findings table ‐ Physical activities vs usual care

Adverse events · sleep disturbances in dementia

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 167 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Social activities vs usual care

Adverse events · sleep disturbances in dementia

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 236 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Carer interventions vs usual care

Adverse events · sleep disturbances in dementia

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 2 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Multimodal interventions vs usual care

Adverse events · sleep disturbances in dementia

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 589 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Light therapy vs usual care

Adverse events · sleep disturbances in dementia

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 318 participants
Very low

Animal‐assisted therapy (AAT (live animal)) vs robotic animals

Adverse events · people with dementia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Animal‐assisted therapy for dementia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Animal‐assisted therapy (AAT (live animal)) vs soft toy cat

Adverse events · people with dementia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Animal‐assisted therapy for dementia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Animal‐assisted therapy (AAT (live animal)) vs no AAT

Adverse events · people with dementia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Animal‐assisted therapy for dementia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Discontinuation vs continuation of antipsychotic medication

Adverse events · older people with dementia who had been taking an antipsychotic drug for at least 3 months

1 finding from 1 review

Withdrawal versus continuation of long‐term antipsychotic drug use for behavioural and psychological symptoms in older… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 381 participants
Low

Methylphenidate vs placebo

Adverse events · Apathy in people with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease

Methylphenidate showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for apathy in Alzheimer's disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.28 [0.67, 2.42]
3 studies · 145 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Adverse events · patients with Alzheimer's disease

The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Latrepirdine for Alzheimer's disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.93, 1.14]
4 studies · 1034 participants
Moderate

Personally tailored activities vs usual care or non‐personalised activities

Adverse events; · people with dementia

1 finding from 1 review

Personally tailored activities for improving psychosocial outcomes for people with dementia in long‐term care 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 188 participants
GRADE not reported

Souvenaid vs placebo

Any adverse events · People with mild Alzheimer's disease

Souvenaid showed no clear difference in any adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Souvenaid for Alzheimer's disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.86 [0.69, 1.07]
1 study · 258 participants
Moderate

Souvenaid vs placebo

Any adverse events · Apathy in people with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease

Souvenaid showed no clear difference in any adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Souvenaid for Alzheimer's disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.78, 1.03]
1 study · 524 participants
Moderate