Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,918 questions · 5,537 findings · 1,803 reviews

No studies found 1,309 · 23.6%GRADE not reported 440 · 7.9%Very low 1,560 · 28.2%Low 1,292 · 23.3%Moderate 751 · 13.6%High 185 · 3.3%

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Loratadine 10 mg vs placebo (4‐week intervention)

Primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse effects and serious adverse events throughout the study period · adults with eczema

Loratadine 10 mg/d showed no clear difference in primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse… compared with placebo (4‐week intervention) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cetirizine 0.5 mg/kg/d vs placebo (18‐month intervention)

Primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse effects and serious adverse events throughout the study period · children with eczema

Cetirizine 0.5 mg/kg/d showed no clear difference in primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse… compared with placebo (18‐month intervention) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cetirizine 10 mg/d vs placebo (4‐week intervention)

Primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse effects and serious adverse events throughout the study period · adults with eczema

Cetirizine 10 mg/d showed no clear difference in primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse… compared with placebo (4‐week intervention) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse outcome: unintended adverse events attributable to the intervention ATCS+, IVR, unidirectional versus various controls · participants at risk of under‐immunisation (children, adolescents and adults)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Rinse‐free hand wash vs control

Adverse skin reactions (within the study period) Calculated as: number of events Length of time observed: range = 5 to 8 months · children aged from birth to 14 years old

It is very uncertain whether rinse‐free hand wash changes adverse skin reactions (within the study period) Calculated as:… compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

BENZODIAZEPINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs SAME ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Adverse effects/events ‐ extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ medium term Number of instances of extrapyramidal symptoms · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

Benzodiazepines + antipsychotics showed no clear difference in adverse effects/events: extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ +/vs haloperidol ‐… compared with same antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings for the main comparison: cough augmentation techniques vs no cough augmentation technique

Adverse events 1. Hypotensionc 2. Hypertensiond 3. Secretion encumbrance resulting in severe hypoxaemia requiring reintubationc · critically‐ill mechanically‐ventilated adults and children requiring extubation from mechanical ventilation

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings for the main comparison: cough augmentation… changes adverse events 1. Hypotensionc 2. Hypertensiond 3. Secretion… compared with no cough augmentation technique (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE DEPOT vs placebo

Adverse events: Specific: Weight gain ‐ all doses of depot risperidone ‐ short term Spontaneous reporting by study participants · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE DEPOT changes adverse events: Specific: Weight gain ‐ all doses of depot… compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical or magnetic stimulation vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Number of participants experiencing surface or skin‐related adverse events: e.g. skin reactions, bruising, hypersensitivity to gel · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) plus biofeedback vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Number of participants experiencing surface or skin‐related adverse events: e.g. skin reactions, bruising, hypersensitivity to gel · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events ‐ painful episodes Clinical events experienced by children during the 1 year period commencing at entry to the trial · 117 children with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease

The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ painful episodes Clinical events experienced by… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events ‐ minor Infections Clinical events experienced by children during the 1 year period commencing at entry to the trial · 117 children with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease

The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ minor Infections Clinical events experienced by… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events ‐ major infections Clinical events experienced by children during the 1 year period commencing at entry to the trial · 117 children with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease

The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ major infections Clinical events experienced by… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE DEPOT vs placebo

Adverse events: General: Severe adverse event ‐ any dose risperidone depot ‐ short term Spontaneous reporting by study participants · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE DEPOT changes adverse events: General: Severe adverse event ‐ any dose risperidone… compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review