Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,918 questions · 5,537 findings · 1,803 reviews

No studies found 1,309 · 23.6%GRADE not reported 440 · 7.9%Very low 1,560 · 28.2%Low 1,292 · 23.3%Moderate 751 · 13.6%High 185 · 3.3%

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Psychological therapy vs usual care or attention control

Adverse events: death ‐ at end of treatment (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether psychological therapy changes adverse events: death ‐ at end of treatment (secondary outcome) compared with usual care and/or attention control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Live zoster vaccine vs placebo

Participants with adverse events Clinical or laboratory criteria · healthy older adults aged ≥ 60 years

Live zoster vaccine probably leads to higher participants with adverse eventsClinical or laboratory criteria compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LABA/LAMA vs LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · stable COPD

Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting… showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 SAEs) compared with LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to continence pessary vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding or Spotting · pelvic organ prolapse in women

Pessary plus PFMT showed no clear difference in number of women with adverse events ‐ abnormal vaginal bleeding compared with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo

Adverse events (reported at any time) (2 RCT, 169 participants) · adults with blepharospasm

Botulinum toxin type A showed no clear difference in adverse events (reported at any time) (2 RCT, 169 participants) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Laparoscopic colposuspension vs midurethral sling procedures

Adverse effects: perioperative complications (number of events) · women with urinary incontinence

Laparoscopic colposuspension showed no clear difference in adverse effects: perioperative complications (number of events) compared with midurethral sling procedures (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Laparoscopic colposuspension with one suture vs laparoscopic colposuspension with two sutures

Adverse effects: perioperative complications (number of events) · women with urinary incontinence

Laparoscopic colposuspension with one suture showed no clear difference in adverse effects: perioperative complications (number of events) compared with laparoscopic colposuspension with two sutures (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Laparoscopic colposuspension with sutures vs laparoscopic colposuspension with mesh and staples

Adverse effects: perioperative complications (number of events) · women with urinary incontinence

Laparoscopic colposuspension with sutures may leads to higher adverse effects: perioperative complications (number of events) compared with laparoscopic colposuspension with mesh and staples (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings. Surgery (percutaneous wire fixation) vs not surgery (cast only)

Serious adverse events (typically more serious complications) ( · children with displaced distal radius fracture with intact or involved or displaced ulna fracture (both‐bone fracture)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings. Surgery (percutaneous wire fixation) changes serious adverse events (typically more serious complications) ( compared with not surgery (cast only) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesically administered BCG combined with IFN‐α vs intravesically administered BCG alone

Discontinuation of therapy due to adverse events ‐ not measured · patients with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review