Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

142 questions · 143 findings · 50 reviews

No studies found 27 · 18.9%GRADE not reported 6 · 4.2%Very low 66 · 46.2%Low 24 · 16.8%Moderate 19 · 13.3%High 1 · 0.7%

Peripartum/postnatal prophylaxis (caesarean): LMWH vs UFH

Adverse effects sufficient to stop treatment · women giving birth by elective or emergency caesarean (elective or emergency (1 trial), elective cesarean only (1 trial),…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Heparin prophylaxis vs no treatment/placebo

Adverse effects sufficient to stop treatment · pregnant women at increased risk of VTE during pregnancy and the early postnatal period

It is very uncertain whether antenatal (± postnatal) prophylaxis: heparin (LMWH or UFH) changes adverse effects sufficient to stop treatment compared with no treatment/placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Metformin + levonorgestrel (intrauterine system) vs levonorgestrel intrauterine system

Adverse effects during treatment ‐ all effects · endometrial hyperplasia

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Metformin + levonorgestrel (intrauterine… changes adverse effects during treatment ‐ all effects compared with levonorgestrel intrauterine system (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Metformin vs megestrol

Adverse effects during treatment ‐ not reported · endometrial hyperplasia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Metformin + levonorgestrel (intrauterine system) vs levonorgestrel intrauterine system

Adverse effects during treatment ‐ pain in abdomen · endometrial hyperplasia

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Metformin + levonorgestrel (intrauterine… changes adverse effects during treatment ‐ pain in abdomen compared with levonorgestrel intrauterine system (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ciprofloxacin vs fluoroquinolones

Adverse effects of treatment ‐ any adverse effects · patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis

Ciprofloxacin showed no clear difference in adverse effects of treatment ‐ any adverse effects compared with comparator fluoroquinolone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Levofloxacin vs fluoroquinolones

Adverse effects of treatment ‐ any adverse effects · patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis

Levofloxacin showed no clear difference in adverse effects of treatment ‐ any adverse effects compared with comparator fluoroquinolone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Levofloxacin vs ciprofloxacin

Adverse effects of treatment ‐ any adverse effects · patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis

Levofloxacin showed no clear difference in adverse effects of treatment ‐ any adverse effects compared with ciprofloxacin (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lomefloxacin vs fluoroquinolones

Adverse effects of treatment ‐ any adverse effects · patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis

Lomefloxacin showed no clear difference in adverse effects of treatment ‐ any adverse effects compared with comparator fluoroquinolone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Balneotherapy vs no treatment

Adverse events: thromboembolic events · people with chronic venous insufficiency

Balneotherapy showed no clear difference in adverse effects of treatment (thromboembolic event) compared with no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Muromonab‐CD3 (T cell) vs other antibody (stratified by comparator)

Neurological adverse effects · kidney transplant recipients: first rejection episode

Muromonab‐CD3 (T cell) may leads to higher treatment adverse events: neurological side effects compared with other antibody (stratified by comparator) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Buprenorphine vs alpha2‐adrenergic agonists

Number with treatment stopped due to adverse effects · Adults or adolescents with opioid dependence

Buprenorphine showed no clear difference in number with treatment stopped due to adverse effects compared with alpha2‐adrenergic agonists (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pilocarpine vs placebo

Adverse effects (side effects; treatment withdrawals) · Patients with radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction
1 finding from 1 review

Pilocarpine vs Artificial saliva

Adverse effects (side effects; treatment withdrawals) · Patients with radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction
1 finding from 1 review