Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,949 questions · 1,994 findings · 636 reviews

No studies found 504 · 25.3%GRADE not reported 340 · 17.1%Very low 477 · 23.9%Low 390 · 19.6%Moderate 241 · 12.1%High 42 · 2.1%

Laser therapy vs other treatments

Incidence and severity of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐ fractional CO2 laser versus TAC ‐ charring ‐ keloid scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars

It is very uncertain whether laser therapy changes incidence and severity of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐… compared with other treatments (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Laser therapy plus other treatment vs other treatment

Incidence of treatment‐related adverse effects: CO2 laser plus TAC versus cryosurgery plus TAC ‐ atrophy ‐ keloid scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars

It is very uncertain whether laser therapy plus other treatment changes incidence of treatment‐related adverse effects: CO2 laser plus TAC… compared with other treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Analgesic‐decongestant vs placebo

Adverse effects: drowsiness, hypersomnia, lethargy, excessive sleepiness, and other central nervous system adverse effects · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Analgesic‐decongestant showed no clear difference in adverse effects: drowsiness, hypersomnia, lethargy, excessive… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihistamines vs placebo

Adverse effects: impaired cognition Assessed by: adverse effect questionnaire (presence or absence given numerical values) · patients with motion sickness

Antihistamines showed no clear difference in adverse effects: impaired cognition Assessed by: adverse effect… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: Trihexyphenidyl vs placebo

Adverse effectsb (mood disturbance, irritability, behavioural change, constipation) Measured by: counts of number and type · children with dystonic cerebral palsy

Summary of findings: Trihexyphenidyl may leads to higher adverse effectsb (mood disturbance, irritability, behavioural… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Laser therapy plus other treatment vs other treatment

Incidence of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐ CO2 laser plus TAC versus cryosurgery plus TAC ‐ erythema ‐ keloid scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars

It is very uncertain whether laser therapy plus other treatment changes incidence of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐ CO2 laser plus TAC… compared with other treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

BENZODIAZEPINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs same enzodiazepines

Adverse effects: any observed extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ short term (up to 6 months) · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

Benzodiazepines + antipsychotics showed no clear difference in adverse effects/events: extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ + haloperidol ‐… compared with same enzodiazepines (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Laser therapy vs other treatments

Incidence and severity of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐ fractional CO2 laser versus TAC ‐ skin atrophy ‐ keloid scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars

It is very uncertain whether laser therapy changes incidence and severity of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐… compared with other treatments (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Laser therapy plus other treatment vs other treatment

Incidence of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐ 595‐nm PDL plus verapamil versus verapamil ‐ depigmentation ‐ keloid scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars

It is very uncertain whether laser therapy plus other treatment changes incidence of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐ 595‐nm PDL plus… compared with other treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs antipsychotics

Adverse effects/events ‐ extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ medium term Number of instances of extrapyramidal symptoms · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

Benzodiazepines may leads to lower adverse effects/events: extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ vs haloperidol ‐… compared with antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Laser therapy vs other treatments

Incidence and severity of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐ fractional CO2 laser versus TAC ‐ telangectasia ‐ keloid scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars

It is very uncertain whether laser therapy changes incidence and severity of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐… compared with other treatments (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Laser therapy vs no treatment

Incidence and severity of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐ NAFL versus no treatment ‐ scar worsening ‐ hypertrophic scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars

It is very uncertain whether laser therapy changes incidence and severity of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐ NAFL… compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fexofenadine 120 mg/d vs placebo (1‐week intervention)

Primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse effects and serious adverse events throughout the study period · adults with eczema

Fexofenadine 120 mg/d showed no clear difference in primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse… compared with placebo (1‐week intervention) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Loratadine 10 mg vs placebo (4‐week intervention)

Primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse effects and serious adverse events throughout the study period · adults with eczema

Loratadine 10 mg/d showed no clear difference in primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse… compared with placebo (4‐week intervention) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cetirizine 0.5 mg/kg/d vs placebo (18‐month intervention)

Primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse effects and serious adverse events throughout the study period · children with eczema

Cetirizine 0.5 mg/kg/d showed no clear difference in primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse… compared with placebo (18‐month intervention) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cetirizine 10 mg/d vs placebo (4‐week intervention)

Primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse effects and serious adverse events throughout the study period · adults with eczema

Cetirizine 10 mg/d showed no clear difference in primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse… compared with placebo (4‐week intervention) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs first‐generation antipsychotics

Adverse effects: any observed extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ short term (up to 6 months) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether haloperidol changes adverse effects: extrapyramidal side effects: number of participants… compared with first‐generation antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review