Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,949 questions · 1,994 findings · 636 reviews

No studies found 504 · 25.3%GRADE not reported 340 · 17.1%Very low 477 · 23.9%Low 390 · 19.6%Moderate 241 · 12.1%High 42 · 2.1%

Pay for performance (P4P) plus existing payment methods vs existing payment methods

Unintended or adverse effects · healthcare providers working in outpatient healthcare settings

Pay for performance (P4P) plus existing payment methods may leads to lower unintended or adverse effects compared with existing payment methods (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

1055 to 1100 ppm F toothpaste vs 500 to 550 ppm F toothpaste

Adverse effects of toothpaste · Young children with primary (deciduous) dentition (aged 1 to 6 years at study start)
1 finding from 1 review

Fluoride toothpaste vs Placebo (non-fluoride) toothpaste or fluoride toothpaste of a different concentration

Adverse effects of toothpaste · Children and adolescents with immature permanent dentition (aged 5 to 16 years at study start)
1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) vs placebo

Adverse effects: palpitations · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) changes adverse effects: palpitations compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines (topical clonazepam) vs placebo

Adverse effects: spasmophilia · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines (topical clonazepam) changes adverse effects: spasmophilia compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical clindamycin vs placebo

Adverse effects (non‐serious) · participants with hidradenitis suppurativa

Topical clindamycin showed no clear difference in adverse effects (non‐serious) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review