Out-of-pocket health expenditure vs Lower vs higher out-of-pocket expenditure categories: Oral health-related quality of life
Lower out-of-pocket health expenditure was associated with better OHRQoL (83.9, 95% CI 75.2 to 92.6 vs 67.5, 95% CI 58.5 to 76.5); the difference was statistically significant (ungraded).
What each review found
Current versions only| Finding | Effect | Studies | GRADE certainty |
|---|---|---|---|
Out-of-pocket health expenditure vs Lower vs higher out-of-pocket expenditure categories Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL sum score, transformed 0-100) · Community-dwelling elderly persons aged ≥60 years · Community-dwelling older adults across 25 countries, Highest out-of-pocket expenditure Lower out-of-pocket health expenditure was associated with better OHRQoL (83.9, 95% CI 75.2 to 92.6 vs 67.5, 95% CI 58.5 to 76.5); the difference was statistically significant (ungraded). Association between oral health-related quality of life and structural determinants of health among elderly… (2025) All outcomes | MEAN 67.5 [58.5, 76.5] | Not reported | GRADE not reported |
Out-of-pocket health expenditure vs Lower vs higher out-of-pocket expenditure categories Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL sum score, transformed 0-100) · Community-dwelling elderly persons aged ≥60 years · Community-dwelling older adults across 25 countries, Lowest out-of-pocket expenditure Lower out-of-pocket health expenditure was associated with better OHRQoL (83.9, 95% CI 75.2 to 92.6 vs 67.5, 95% CI 58.5 to 76.5); the difference was statistically significant (ungraded). Association between oral health-related quality of life and structural determinants of health among elderly… (2025) All outcomes | MEAN 83.9 [75.2, 92.6] | Not reported | GRADE not reported |
Findings are shown side by side, never pooled across reviews.
The reviews
| Review | Searched up to | Included studies | AMSTAR 2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Association between oral health-related quality of life and structural determinants of health among elderly populations. a systematic… 2025 All outcomes | 23 August 2024 (records from January 2014 onward) | 6 | Not applicable |
Studies behind the findings
None of these reviews ties its included studies to this outcome in the data here. Cochrane reviews and reviews with headline outcomes only do not list their studies yet.
How reviews are matched to this question
Reviews word the same question differently. Four decision models (TypeSafe's Jev, Liquid AI's d1-ultra, SubQ Snap and Baseten's Elephant) judged each wording of the population, intervention, comparator and outcome against the others; two wordings count as the same when at least three of them agree and none clearly disagrees, and findings count as this question only when all four elements match. Timing, setting and subgroup never split a question: they are shown on each finding.