Non-responsive complementary feeding (NRCF) vs Other models of complementary feeding: Weight gain
- Population
- Healthy, term-born, normal-birth-weight infants aged 4-24 months (breastfed and/or formula-fed) in Western industrialized countries
- Intervention
- Non-responsive complementary feeding (NRCF)
- Comparison
- Other models of complementary feeding
- Outcome
- Weight gain
Narratively, restrictive NRCF style tended to favor excess weight and coercive/pressuring style tended to favor lower weight (3 of 5 studies each; ungraded).
What each review found
Current versions only| Finding | Effect | Studies | GRADE certainty |
|---|---|---|---|
Non-responsive complementary feeding (NRCF) vs Other models of complementary feeding (responsive/traditional CF) Weight gain (restrictive vs coercive styles) · Healthy, term-born, normal-birth-weight infants aged 4-24 months (breastfed and/or formula-fed) in Western… · Infancy to early childhood, Outpatient care in Western industrialized (European/Anglo-Saxon) countries, Restrictive vs coercive/pressuring styles Narratively, restrictive NRCF style tended to favor excess weight and coercive/pressuring style tended to favor lower weight (3 of 5 studies each; ungraded). Complementary Feeding Caregivers' Practices and Growth, Risk of Overweight/Obesity, and Other… (2022) All outcomes | Restrictive style would favor excess weight (three of five studies); coercive style (pressure to eat) would favor a lower weight (three of five studies); clinical significance never quantified. | Not reported | GRADE not reported |
Findings are shown side by side, never pooled across reviews.
The reviews
| Review | Searched up to | Included studies | AMSTAR 2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Complementary Feeding Caregivers' Practices and Growth, Risk of Overweight/Obesity, and Other Non-Communicable Diseases: A Systematic… 2022 All outcomes | Updated to September 2021 | 24 | Low / Critically Low |
Studies behind the findings
The primary studies the full-text reviews tie to this outcome. Reviews with headline outcomes only do not list them here.
- Mothers' feeding behaviors in infancy: Do they predict child weight trajectories? · 2015 · included by 1 of these review
- Sweetened Food Purchases and Indulgent Feeding Are Associated With Increased Toddler Anthropometry · 2014 · included by 1 of these review
- Pressuring and restrictive feeding styles influence infant feeding and size among a low-income African-American sample. · 2013 · included by 1 of these review
- Does maternal feeding restriction lead to childhood obesity in a prospective cohort study? · 2011 · included by 1 of these review
- To what extent is the protective effect of breastfeeding on future overweight explained by decreased maternal feeding restriction? · 2006 · included by 1 of these review
How reviews are matched to this question
Reviews word the same question differently. Four decision models (TypeSafe's Jev, Liquid AI's d1-ultra, SubQ Snap and Baseten's Elephant) judged each wording of the population, intervention, comparator and outcome against the others; two wordings count as the same when at least three of them agree and none clearly disagrees, and findings count as this question only when all four elements match. Timing, setting and subgroup never split a question: they are shown on each finding.