Non-Cochrane · aetiology · PM42788603
Interplay of depressive symptoms and clinical oral health conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Mascarenhas Miguel Konradt, Rocha Marina da Costa, Cademartori Mariana Gonzalez, et al. · Brazilian oral research · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2026.vol40.073
Findings
Population Community-dwelling adults
28 findings
| Depressive symptoms | No or fewer depressive symptoms | Periodontal disease Leave-one-out: omit Nascimento et al., 2018 | OR 1.05 [0.82, 1.34] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Depressive symptoms | No or fewer depressive symptoms | Periodontal disease | OR 1.09 [0.97, 1.23] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Depressive symptoms | No or fewer depressive symptoms | Periodontal disease Leave-one-out: omit Jungo et al., 2025 | OR 1.14 [1.01, 1.29] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Depressive symptoms | No or fewer depressive symptoms | Periodontal disease Leave-one-out: omit Hwang & Park, 2018 | OR 1.06 [0.89, 1.26] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Periodontal disease | No or less periodontal disease | Depressive symptoms Leave-one-out: omit Dibello et al., 2025 | OR 1.65 [1.05, 2.6] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Periodontal disease | No or less periodontal disease | Depressive symptoms | OR 1.59 [1.14, 2.21] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Periodontal disease | No or less periodontal disease | Depressive symptoms Leave-one-out: omit Walther et al., 2023 | OR 1.32 [0.86, 2.04] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Periodontal disease | No or less periodontal disease | Depressive symptoms Leave-one-out: omit Hozuri et al., 2020 | OR 1.79 [1.18, 2.69] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Depressive symptoms | No or fewer depressive symptoms | Dental caries Leave-one-out: omit Xie et al., 2024 | OR 1.28 [1.07, 1.53] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Depressive symptoms | No or fewer depressive symptoms | Dental caries Leave-one-out: omit Aldosari et al., 2020 | OR 1.19 [0.97, 1.47] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Depressive symptoms | No or fewer depressive symptoms | Dental caries | OR 1.2 [1.03, 1.4] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Depressive symptoms | No or fewer depressive symptoms | Dental caries Leave-one-out: omit Hugo et al., 2012 | OR 1.1 [0.89, 1.35] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Tooth loss | No or less tooth loss | Depressive symptoms Leave-one-out: omit Koh et al., 2025 | OR 1.16 [1.08, 1.25] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Tooth loss | No or less tooth loss | Depressive symptoms Leave-one-out: omit Ortuño et al., 2024 | OR 1.23 [1.09, 1.38] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Tooth loss | No or less tooth loss | Depressive symptoms Leave-one-out: omit Chou et al., 2025 | OR 1.2 [1.05, 1.38] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Tooth loss | No or less tooth loss | Depressive symptoms Edentulous | OR 1.23 [1.13, 1.34] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Tooth loss | No or less tooth loss | Depressive symptoms | OR 1.19 [1.09, 1.3] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Tooth loss | No or less tooth loss | Depressive symptoms Leave-one-out: omit Dibello et al., 2025 | OR 1.19 [1.09, 1.3] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Tooth loss | No or less tooth loss | Depressive symptoms Moderate tooth loss | OR 1.09 [1.01, 1.18] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Tooth loss | No or less tooth loss | Depressive symptoms Adults | OR 1.31 [1.03, 1.65] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Tooth loss | No or less tooth loss | Depressive symptoms Prospective | OR 1.28 [1.07, 1.53] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Tooth loss | No or less tooth loss | Depressive symptoms Leave-one-out: omit Chu et al., 2023 | OR 1.17 [1.08, 1.28] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Tooth loss | No or less tooth loss | Depressive symptoms Older adults | OR 1.16 [1.06, 1.27] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Tooth loss | No or less tooth loss | Depressive symptoms Leave-one-out: omit Skoskiewicz-Malinowska et al., 2018 | OR 1.24 [1.15, 1.34] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Tooth loss | No or less tooth loss | Depressive symptoms Severe tooth loss | OR 1.27 [1.03, 1.57] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Tooth loss | No or less tooth loss | Depressive symptoms Cross-sectional | OR 1.16 [1.04, 1.29] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Dental caries | No or less dental caries | Depressive symptoms Narrative synthesis | no estimate extracted GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Depressive symptoms | No or fewer depressive symptoms | Tooth loss Narrative synthesis | no estimate extracted GRADE not reported 2 studies |
Included primary studies 39
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Koh 2026 Association of Tooth Loss With Stress and Depressive Symptoms in Korean Adults: An Analysis Using Korean National Health and Nutrition… PMID:40765280 | 2026 | 1 other review | Depressive symptoms | not extracted yet |
| Skoskiewicz-Malinowska 2018 Oral health condition and occurrence of depression in the elderly. PMID:30313038 | 2018 | 1 other review | Depressive symptoms | not extracted yet |
| Al-Joghaiman 2025 The Relationship Between Mental Health and Periodontal Disease: Insights from NHANES Data. PMID:39886649 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Al-Joghaiman et al., 2025 The Relationship Between Mental Health and Periodontal Disease: Insights from NHANES Data DOI:10.12688/f1000research.150837.3 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Al-Zahrani 2021 Depression is related to edentulism and lack of functional dentition: An analysis of NHANES data, 2005-2016. PMID:33349927 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Al-Zahrani et al., 2020 Depression is related to edentulism and lack of functional dentition: An analysis of <scp>NHANES</scp> data, 2005–2016 DOI:10.1111/jphd.12433 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Aldosari 2020 Depression, periodontitis, caries and missing teeth in the USA, NHANES 2009-2014. PMID:33303491 | 2020 | this review only | Dental caries | not extracted yet |
| Aldosari et al., 2020 Depression, periodontitis, caries and missing teeth in the USA, NHANES 2009–2014 DOI:10.1136/fmch-2020-000583 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Chou 2025 Association of changes in the number of teeth on psychological distress among community-dwelling older adults in Taiwan. PMID:39643449 | 2025 | this review only | Depressive symptoms | not extracted yet |
| Chou et al., 2025 Association of changes in the number of teeth on psychological distress among community‐dwelling older adults in Taiwan DOI:10.1111/jgs.19297 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Chu 2023 Association of a lesser number of teeth with more risk of developing depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults in Japan: A… PMID:37788528 | 2023 | this review only | Depressive symptoms | not extracted yet |
| Chu et al., 2023 Association of a lesser number of teeth with more risk of developing depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults in Japan: A… DOI:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111498 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Delgado-Angulo 2015 The association of depression and anxiety with dental caries and periodontal disease among Finnish adults. PMID:26130047 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Delgado-Angulo et al., 2015 The association of depression and anxiety with dental caries and periodontal disease among Finnish adults DOI:10.1111/cdoe.12179 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Dibello 2025 Association between periodontal disease and intrinsic capacity in older adults: insights from NHANES 2009-2014. PMID:40971116 | 2026 | this review only | Depressive symptoms | not extracted yet |
| Dibello 2026 Tooth Loss as a Risk Factor of Declining Intrinsic Capacity Domains in Later Life: Evidence From NHANES 2009-2014. PMID:41420385 | 2026 | this review only | Depressive symptoms | not extracted yet |
| Dibello et al., 2025, periodontal disease Association between periodontal disease and intrinsic capacity in older adults: insights from NHANES 2009–2014 DOI:10.1007/s11357-025-01884-3 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Dibello et al., 2025, tooth loss Tooth Loss as a Risk Factor of Declining Intrinsic Capacity Domains in Later Life: Evidence From <scp>NHANES</scp> 2009–2014 DOI:10.1111/joor.70138 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Hozuri 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | Depressive symptoms | not extracted yet |
| Hugo 2012 Depressive symptoms and untreated dental caries in older independently living South Brazilians. PMID:22678523 | 2012 | this review only | Dental caries | not extracted yet |
| Hugo et al., 2012 Depressive Symptoms and Untreated Dental Caries in Older Independently Living South Brazilians DOI:10.1159/000338382 | 2012 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Hwang & Park, 2018 The relationship between depression and periodontal diseases DOI:10.1922/cdh_4150hwang07 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Hwang 2018 The relationship between depression and periodontal diseases. PMID:29360293 | 2018 | this review only | Periodontal disease | not extracted yet |
| Jungo 2026 Cross-sectional analysis of role of socioeconomic status in the association between depression and periodontitis. PMID:41201872 | 2026 | this review only | Periodontal disease | not extracted yet |
| Jungo et al., 2025 Cross‐sectional analysis of role of socioeconomic status in the association between depression and periodontitis DOI:10.1002/jper.70012 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Koh et al., 2025 Association of Tooth Loss With Stress and Depressive Symptoms in Korean Adults: An Analysis Using Korean National Health and Nutrition… DOI:10.1111/ger.70016 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Nascimento 2019 Is there an association between depression and periodontitis? A birth cohort study. PMID:30499588 | 2019 | this review only | Periodontal disease | not extracted yet |
| Nascimento et al., 2018 Is there an association between depression and periodontitis? A birth cohort study DOI:10.1111/jcpe.13039 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ortuno 2024 Tooth loss and depression in Chilean participants of the National Health Survey 2016-2017: Oral and social functions mediation analysis. PMID:38703903 | 2024 | this review only | Depressive symptoms | not extracted yet |
| Ortuño et al., 2024 Tooth loss and depression in Chilean participants of the National Health Survey 2016–2017: Oral and social functions mediation analysis DOI:10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.010 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Palomer 2024 Relationship between oral health and depression: data from the National Health Survey 2016-2017. PMID:38317129 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Palomer et al., 2024 Relationship between oral health and depression: data from the National Health Survey 2016–2017 DOI:10.1186/s12903-024-03950-2 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Skoskiewicz-Malinowska et al., 2018 Oral health condition and occurrence of depression in the elderly DOI:10.1097/md.0000000000012490 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Walther 2023 Association between periodontitis and depression severity - A cross-sectional study of the older population in Hamburg. PMID:37822872 | 2023 | this review only | Depressive symptoms | not extracted yet |
| Walther et al., 2023 Association between periodontitis and depression severity – A cross-sectional study of the older population in Hamburg DOI:10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100689 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wiener 2018 Depressive symptoms and untreated coronal dental caries among adults ages 21-64 years, NHANES 2013-2014. PMID:30106522 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wiener et al., 2018 Depressive symptoms and untreated coronal dental caries among adults ages 21-64 years, NHANES 2013-2014 DOI:10.1922/cdh_4304weiner07 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Xie 2024 Depression and dental caries in US adults, NHANES 2015-2018. PMID:38698375 | 2024 | this review only | Dental caries | not extracted yet |
| Xie et al., 2024 Depression and dental caries in US adults, NHANES 2015–2018 DOI:10.1186/s12903-024-04288-5 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match). Only the non-Cochrane dental reviews have study lists, so overlap with Cochrane reviews is not counted yet.
| Review | Shared studies | Jaccard |
|---|---|---|
| Oral Structural and Functional Impairment in Relation to Depressive Outcomes in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of… (2026) | 2 | 0.03 |
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Representative samples of the general adult population (18 years or older), community-dwelling | Community-dwelling adults; 4 studies of older adults (n=20 studies; samples 300 to 62,119) |
| Intervention | Depressive symptoms (validated instruments) as exposure, or clinically assessed oral conditions (dental caries, periodontal disease, tooth loss) as exposure | Depression to periodontal disease (n=6), periodontal disease to depression (n=4), depression to caries (n=5), caries to depression (n=2), depression to tooth loss (n=2), tooth loss to depression (n=7) |
| Comparison | Absence or lower levels of the exposure | No or lower depressive symptoms; no or less periodontal disease; 20 or more teeth |
| Outcomes | Clinically assessed dental caries, periodontal disease, tooth loss; or depressive symptoms (bidirectional) | Pooled adjusted ORs for 4 of 6 directional associations (periodontal disease as outcome n=3, periodontal disease as exposure n=3, caries as outcome n=3, tooth loss as exposure n=6); caries as exposure and tooth loss as outcome narrative only |
| Study designs | Observational studies (cross-sectional, cohort, case-control) with adjusted effect measures | 16 cross-sectional, 1 case-control, 3 prospective cohort studies (n=20) |
| Timing | Not specified | Prospective follow-up 1 to 20 years (n=3) |