Non-Cochrane · prognostic · PM42737539
Preoperative Inflammatory Blood Indices as Prognostic Markers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Louizakis Alexandros, Tatsis Dimitris, Antoniou Asterios, et al. · International journal of molecular sciences · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.3390/ijms27177638
Findings
129 findings
| Population | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-specific survival Through Wu Ching-Nung 2017 | HR 2.02 [.62, 6.64] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Age: >60 | HR 1.73 [1.35, 2.23] GRADE not reported 9 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Confounders: >5 | HR 1.52 [1.20, 1.93] GRADE not reported 9 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Follow-up: ≤4 | HR 1.57 [1.28, 1.92] GRADE not reported 12 studies |
| Patients with surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-free survival (DFS), adjusted (multivariate) hazard ratio Median follow-up 4 years (range 3 to 5.5) · Preoperative blood counts; mostly East Asian retrospective cohorts · Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Lee 2020 | HR 1.43 [1.17, 1.75] GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-free survival | HR 1.98 [1.78, 2.21] GRADE not reported 14 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Year: ≥2021 | HR 1.57 [1.19, 2.07] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Patients with surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival (OS), adjusted (multivariate) hazard ratio Median follow-up 4 years (range 2 to 6) · Preoperative blood counts; mostly East Asian retrospective cohorts · Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Chen Lin 2019 | HR 1.53 [1.32, 1.77] GRADE not reported 19 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Males (%): >64% | HR 1.62 [1.28, 2.04] GRADE not reported 9 studies |
| Patients with surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-free survival (DFS), adjusted (multivariate) hazard ratio Median follow-up 4 years (range 3 to 5.5) · Preoperative blood counts; mostly East Asian retrospective cohorts · Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Diao 2018 | HR 1.44 [1.18, 1.75] GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Males (%): ≤64% | HR 1.45 [1.19, 1.75] GRADE not reported 11 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-specific survival Omitting Zhang 2019 | HR 2.06 [1.53, 2.77] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Sample size: ≤276.5 | HR 1.54 [1.19, 1.98] GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Omitting Wu Yao-Yu 2020 | HR 1.57 [1.34, 1.82] GRADE not reported 19 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Through Watabe 2021 | HR 1.51 [1.28, 1.77] GRADE not reported 14 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Through Chen Lin 2019 | HR 1.52 [1.17, 1.97] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Patients with surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-free survival (DFS), adjusted (multivariate) hazard ratio Median follow-up 4 years (range 3 to 5.5) · Preoperative blood counts; mostly East Asian retrospective cohorts · Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Ong 2017 | HR 1.47 [1.19, 1.82] GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| Patients with surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival (OS), adjusted (multivariate) hazard ratio Median follow-up 4 years (range 2 to 6) · Preoperative blood counts; mostly East Asian retrospective cohorts · Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Sano 2018 | HR 1.47 [1.29, 1.67] GRADE not reported 19 studies |
| Patients with surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival (OS), adjusted (multivariate) hazard ratio Median follow-up 4 years (range 2 to 6) · Preoperative blood counts; mostly East Asian retrospective cohorts · Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Huang 2023 | HR 1.52 [1.32, 1.74] GRADE not reported 19 studies |
| Patients with surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-free survival (DFS), adjusted (multivariate) hazard ratio Median follow-up 4 years (range 3 to 5.5) · Preoperative blood counts; mostly East Asian retrospective cohorts | HR 1.47 [1.21, 1.78] GRADE not reported 11 studies · 3000 participants |
| Patients with surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival (OS), adjusted (multivariate) hazard ratio Median follow-up 4 years (range 2 to 6) · Preoperative blood counts; mostly East Asian retrospective cohorts · Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Cheng 2025 | HR 1.53 [1.34, 1.76] GRADE not reported 19 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Confounders: ≤5 | HR 1.53 [1.25, 1.87] GRADE not reported 11 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Omitting Nie 2021 | HR 1.50 [1.31, 1.72] GRADE not reported 19 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-specific survival Omitting Sano 2018 | HR 1.96 [1.52, 2.52] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Omitting Ferrer 2019 | HR 1.52 [1.32, 1.74] GRADE not reported 19 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Through Wu Yao-Yu 2020 | HR 1.50 [1.25, 1.80] GRADE not reported 12 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-specific survival Through Hasegawa 2020 | HR 2.10 [1.52, 2.92] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Trim-and-fill, seven imputed studies | HR 1.32 [1.11, 1.56] GRADE not reported 20 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Year: <2021 | HR 1.48 [1.24, 1.77] GRADE not reported 12 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Through Tsai 2022 | HR 1.57 [1.34, 1.83] GRADE not reported 17 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-specific survival Through Sano 2018 | HR 2.16 [1.08, 4.29] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-free survival Through Ong 2017 | HR 1.34 [.66, 2.71] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Patients with surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival (OS), adjusted (multivariate) hazard ratio Median follow-up 4 years (range 2 to 6) · Preoperative blood counts; mostly East Asian retrospective cohorts · Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Ruiz-Ranz 2022 | HR 1.51 [1.31, 1.74] GRADE not reported 19 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Through Lee 2020 | HR 1.63 [1.28, 2.06] GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Through Ferrer 2019 | HR 1.60 [1.15, 2.23] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-specific survival Omitting Hasegawa 2020 | HR 1.91 [1.50, 2.44] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Omitting Fang 2013 | HR 1.55 [1.36, 1.76] GRADE not reported 19 studies |
| Patients with surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-free survival (DFS), adjusted (multivariate) hazard ratio Median follow-up 4 years (range 3 to 5.5) · Preoperative blood counts; mostly East Asian retrospective cohorts · Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Cheng 2025 | HR 1.53 [1.24, 1.89] GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-free survival Omitting Nakashima 2016 | HR 1.44 [1.18, 1.76] GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Through Nie 2021 | HR 1.51 [1.29, 1.78] GRADE not reported 15 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Omitting Tsai 2022 | HR 1.46 [1.29, 1.67] GRADE not reported 19 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Through Hasegawa 2020 | HR 1.62 [1.25, 2.10] GRADE not reported 9 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-free survival Through Nakashima 2016 | HR 1.35 [.04, 42.03] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Patients with surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival (OS), adjusted (multivariate) hazard ratio Median follow-up 4 years (range 2 to 6) · Preoperative blood counts; mostly East Asian retrospective cohorts · Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Lee 2020 | HR 1.50 [1.31, 1.72] GRADE not reported 19 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Through Sano 2018 | HR 1.55 [1.03, 2.34] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Through Zhuang 2021 | HR 1.52 [1.28, 1.80] GRADE not reported 13 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-free survival Omitting Zhou 2022 | HR 1.49 [1.19, 1.88] GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| Patients with surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival (OS), adjusted (multivariate) hazard ratio Median follow-up 4 years (range 2 to 6) · Preoperative blood counts; mostly East Asian retrospective cohorts | HR 1.51 [1.32, 1.72] GRADE not reported 20 studies · 7140 participants |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-specific survival Omitting Lee Ching-C. 2017 | HR 2.11 [1.56, 2.85] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Copas selection model, nine unpublished studies estimated | HR 1.26 [1.18, 1.35] GRADE not reported 20 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Omitting Bobdey 2017 | HR 1.53 [1.32, 1.78] GRADE not reported 19 studies |
| Patients with surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival (OS), adjusted (multivariate) hazard ratio Median follow-up 4 years (range 2 to 6) · Preoperative blood counts; mostly East Asian retrospective cohorts · Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Zhuang 2021 | HR 1.50 [1.31, 1.72] GRADE not reported 19 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Through Bobdey 2017 | HR 1.22 [.55, 2.68] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-specific survival | HR 2.01 [1.68, 2.41] GRADE not reported 12 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Omitting Hasegawa 2020 | HR 1.45 [1.28, 1.65] GRADE not reported 19 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Age: ≤60 | HR 1.39 [1.17, 1.64] GRADE not reported 11 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-specific survival Omitting Zubair 2021 | HR 1.95 [1.45, 2.61] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| Patients with surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-specific survival (DSS), adjusted (multivariate) hazard ratio Median follow-up 3.9 years (range 1 to 7) · Preoperative blood counts; mostly East Asian retrospective cohorts · Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Zhou 2022 | HR 2.14 [1.67, 2.73] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-specific survival Through Zhang 2019 | HR 1.96 [1.37, 2.81] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Through Tazeen 2020 | HR 1.60 [1.28, 2.00] GRADE not reported 11 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-specific survival Through Lee Ching-C. 2017 | HR 3.11 [0.00, 129065.41] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Area: East Asian | HR 1.54 [1.31, 1.81] GRADE not reported 16 studies |
| Patients with surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival (OS), adjusted (multivariate) hazard ratio Median follow-up 4 years (range 2 to 6) · Preoperative blood counts; mostly East Asian retrospective cohorts · Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Ong 2017 | HR 1.51 [1.31, 1.74] GRADE not reported 19 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-free survival Through Tsai 2022 | HR 1.61 [1.19, 2.17] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Through Diao 2018 | HR 1.64 [1.12, 2.41] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Omitting Zhou 2022 | HR 1.52 [1.32, 1.76] GRADE not reported 19 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-specific survival Omitting Wu Ching-Nung 2017 | HR 2.02 [1.52, 2.69] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Sample size: >276.5 | HR 1.51 [1.25, 1.82] GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| Patients with surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-free survival (DFS), adjusted (multivariate) hazard ratio Median follow-up 4 years (range 3 to 5.5) · Preoperative blood counts; mostly East Asian retrospective cohorts · Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Tsai 2022 | HR 1.43 [1.17, 1.75] GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-free survival Through Zhou 2022 | HR 1.54 [1.21, 1.96] GRADE not reported 9 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Through Wu Ching-Nung 2017 | HR 1.42 [.95, 2.12] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-specific survival Omitting Perisanidis 2013 | HR 1.94 [1.57, 2.40] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Area: Other | HR 1.42 [0.85, 2.36] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Through Ruiz-Ranz 2022 | HR 1.51 [1.30, 1.76] GRADE not reported 16 studies |
| Patients with surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival (OS), adjusted (multivariate) hazard ratio Median follow-up 4 years (range 2 to 6) · Preoperative blood counts; mostly East Asian retrospective cohorts · Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Tazeen 2020 | HR 1.52 [1.32, 1.75] GRADE not reported 19 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Follow-up: >4 | HR 1.44 [1.16, 1.79] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Through Zhou 2022 | HR 1.55 [1.34, 1.78] GRADE not reported 18 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-free survival Omitting Fang 2013 | HR 1.56 [1.31, 1.86] GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-free survival Through Diao 2018 | HR 1.53 [.97, 2.41] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival | HR 1.93 [1.65, 2.25] GRADE not reported 29 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-free survival Through Lee 2020 | HR 1.58 [1.08, 2.31] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Patients with surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival (OS), adjusted (multivariate) hazard ratio Median follow-up 4 years (range 2 to 6) · Preoperative blood counts; mostly East Asian retrospective cohorts · Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Wu Ching-Nung 2017 | HR 1.47 [1.29, 1.67] GRADE not reported 19 studies |
| Patients with surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-free survival (DFS), adjusted (multivariate) hazard ratio Median follow-up 4 years (range 3 to 5.5) · Preoperative blood counts; mostly East Asian retrospective cohorts · Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Wu Ching-Nung 2017 | HR 1.44 [1.18, 1.76] GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| Patients with surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival (OS), adjusted (multivariate) hazard ratio Median follow-up 4 years (range 2 to 6) · Preoperative blood counts; mostly East Asian retrospective cohorts · Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Watabe 2021 | HR 1.52 [1.32, 1.74] GRADE not reported 19 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Through Ong 2017 | HR 1.24 [.94, 1.62] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-free survival Through Watabe 2021 | HR 1.58 [1.12, 2.22] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-specific survival Unresolved: the two extractors disagree on this row. | HR 2.00 [1.58, 2.54] GRADE not reported 8 studies · 2640 participants |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-free survival Through Wu Ching-Nung 2017 | HR 1.43 [.86, 2.39] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Overall survival Omitting Diao 2018 | HR 1.48 [1.30, 1.69] GRADE not reported 19 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-free survival Omitting Watabe 2021 | HR 1.46 [1.19, 1.80] GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative NLR | Low preoperative NLR | Disease-free survival Omitting Huang 2023 | HR 1.47 [1.18, 1.82] GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative PLR | Low preoperative PLR | Overall survival Males (%): >62% | HR 1.25 [0.91, 1.72] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative PLR | Low preoperative PLR | Disease-specific survival | HR 1.78 [1.46, 2.16] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative PLR | Low preoperative PLR | Disease-free survival | HR 1.13 [0.81, 1.58] GRADE not reported 5 studies · 1752 participants |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative PLR | Low preoperative PLR | Overall survival Age: >61.5 | HR 1.41 [0.94, 2.12] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative PLR | Low preoperative PLR | Overall survival Confounders: ≤5 | HR 1.60 [0.93, 2.74] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative PLR | Low preoperative PLR | Overall survival Males (%): ≤62% | HR 1.27 [0.79, 2.04] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative PLR | Low preoperative PLR | Overall survival Sample size: ≤186.5 | HR 1.77 [0.95, 3.30] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative PLR | Low preoperative PLR | Overall survival Area: East Asian | HR 1.21 [0.93, 1.57] GRADE not reported 11 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative PLR | Low preoperative PLR | Disease-free survival | HR 1.53 [1.16, 2.01] GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative PLR | Low preoperative PLR | Overall survival Area: Other | HR 1.46 [0.35, 6.03] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative PLR | Low preoperative PLR | Overall survival | HR 1.78 [1.47, 2.16] GRADE not reported 23 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative PLR | Low preoperative PLR | Overall survival Sample size: >186.5 | HR 1.15 [0.84, 1.58] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative PLR | Low preoperative PLR | Overall survival | HR 1.24 [0.98, 1.56] GRADE not reported 14 studies · 4088 participants |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative PLR | Low preoperative PLR | Overall survival Year: ≥2021 | HR 1.19 [0.86, 1.64] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative PLR | Low preoperative PLR | Overall survival Year: <2021 or Zhuang | HR 1.54 [0.83, 2.84] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative PLR | Low preoperative PLR | Overall survival Confounders: >5 | HR 1.13 [0.79, 1.60] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative PLR | Low preoperative PLR | Overall survival Age: ≤61.5 | HR 1.17 [0.82, 1.68] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | High preoperative PLR | Low preoperative PLR | Disease-specific survival | HR 1.44 [0.41, 5.03] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 917 participants |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | Low preoperative LMR | High preoperative LMR | Overall survival Through Watabe 2021 | HR 1.79 [1.24, 2.59] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | Low preoperative LMR | High preoperative LMR | Overall survival Through Lin 2021 | HR 1.78 [1.15, 2.77] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | Low preoperative LMR | High preoperative LMR | Overall survival Omitting Lin 2021 | HR 1.74 [1.13, 2.68] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Patients with surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | Low preoperative lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) | High preoperative LMR | Overall survival (OS), adjusted (multivariate) hazard ratio Median follow-up 3 years (range 2.6 to 5.5) · Preoperative blood counts; mostly East Asian retrospective cohorts · Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Cheng 2025 | HR 1.92 [1.35, 2.73] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | Low preoperative LMR | High preoperative LMR | Disease-free survival | HR 1.58 [1.32, 1.89] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | Low preoperative LMR | High preoperative LMR | Disease-free survival | HR 1.40 [1.19, 1.64] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 1360 participants |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | Low preoperative LMR | High preoperative LMR | Overall survival Omitting Ding 2021 | HR 1.79 [1.13, 2.85] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | Low preoperative LMR | High preoperative LMR | Overall survival Through Ding 2021 | HR 1.73 [.99, 3.00] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | Low preoperative LMR | High preoperative LMR | Overall survival Omitting Chen Lin 2021 | HR 1.86 [1.17, 2.96] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | Low preoperative LMR | High preoperative LMR | Overall survival Omitting Furukawa 2019 | HR 1.66 [1.20, 2.30] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | Low preoperative LMR | High preoperative LMR | Overall survival Through Ferrer 2019 | HR 1.93 [.26, 14.09] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | Low preoperative LMR | High preoperative LMR | Overall survival Through Chen Lin 2021 | HR 1.72 [.69, 4.24] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | Low preoperative LMR | High preoperative LMR | Overall survival Omitting Zakaria 2022 | HR 1.67 [1.12, 2.48] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | Low preoperative LMR | High preoperative LMR | Overall survival Omitting Watabe 2021 | HR 1.77 [1.15, 2.71] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | Low preoperative LMR | High preoperative LMR | Overall survival Omitting Ong 2017 | HR 1.83 [1.14, 2.92] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | Low preoperative LMR | High preoperative LMR | Overall survival | HR 1.98 [1.51, 2.60] GRADE not reported 16 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | Low preoperative LMR | High preoperative LMR | Overall survival Through Furukawa 2019 | HR 2.86 [0.00, 6146.21] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Patients with surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | Low preoperative lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) | High preoperative LMR | Overall survival (OS), adjusted (multivariate) hazard ratio Median follow-up 3 years (range 2.6 to 5.5) · Preoperative blood counts; mostly East Asian retrospective cohorts | HR 1.79 [1.22, 2.62] GRADE not reported 9 studies · 2649 participants |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | Low preoperative LMR | High preoperative LMR | Overall survival Omitting Ferrer 2019 | HR 1.91 [1.28, 2.85] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma | Low preoperative LMR | High preoperative LMR | Disease-specific survival | HR 2.26 [0.98, 5.23] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
Included primary studies 31
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cheng 2025 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Fang 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Nakashima 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Perisanidis 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ruiz-Ranz 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sano 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Tazeen 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Trevisani 2023 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Tsai 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Watabe 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zakaria 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zhang 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zhou 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bobdey 2017 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Chen Lin 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Chen Lin 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Diao 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ding 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ferrer 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Furukawa 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Hasegawa 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Huang 2023 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Khazravi 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Lee Ching-Chih 2017 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Mikami 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Park 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Park H-C 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wu Ching-Nung 2017 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wu Yao-Yu 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zhuang 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zubair 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match). Only the non-Cochrane dental reviews have study lists, so overlap with Cochrane reviews is not counted yet.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity treated surgically | 12,153 surgically treated OSCC patients (median age 60); 79.5% East Asian |
| Intervention | Preoperative NLR, PLR and LMR (prognostic factors) | NLR (36 studies), PLR (26 studies), LMR (18 studies); cut-offs NLR 1.31 to 5.0, PLR 66 to 218.97, LMR 2.6 to 5.0 |
| Comparison | Low versus high marker levels using study-specific cut-offs | Low versus high ratio (LMR inverted to low versus high) |
| Outcomes | Overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), disease-free survival (DFS) | OS, DFS, DSS; adjusted (multivariate) HRs primary, unadjusted HRs secondary |
| Study designs | Cohort studies reporting preoperative ratios and survival; PROSPERO registered; QUIPS risk of bias | 39 cohort studies (38 retrospective, 1 prospective), published 2013 to 2025 |
| Timing | Not specified | Median follow-up 3 to 4 years |