Non-Cochrane · aetiology · PM42655033
The Effects of Smoking on Respiratory Microbiota Diversity and Composition: A Systematic Review with Exploratory Meta-Analysis.
El Tawil Ali, Korban Joelle, Abbas Hassan, et al. · Microorganisms · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.3390/microorganisms14081688
Findings
3 findings
| Population | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adults undergoing bronchoalveolar lavage | Cigarette smoking | Non-smoking or never smoking | Bronchoalveolar lavage inverse Simpson alpha diversity | SMD -1.63 [-5.07, 1.81] GRADE not reported 2 studies · 81 participants |
| Human participants | Waterpipe or hookah smoking | Non-smoking or never smoking | Outcome NR | no estimate extracted No studies found 0 studies |
| Human participants | Heated tobacco product use | Non-smoking or never smoking | Outcome NR | no estimate extracted No studies found 0 studies |
Included primary studies 13
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bach 2023 The Effects of Smoking on Human Pharynx Microbiota Composition and Stability. PMID:36786634 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Campos 2023 Lower respiratory tract microbiome composition and community interactions in smokers. PMID:37091735 | 2023 | this review only | Bronchoalveolar lavage inverse Simpson alpha diversity | not extracted yet |
| Charlson 2010 Disordered microbial communities in the upper respiratory tract of cigarette smokers. PMID:21188149 | 2010 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Gioula 2018 16S rRNA deep sequencing for the characterization of healthy human pharyngeal microbiome. PMID:31213755 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Hickman 2024 E-Cigarette Use, Cigarette Smoking, and Sex Are Associated With Nasal Microbiome Dysbiosis. PMID:39018186 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Jette 2016 The human laryngeal microbiome: effects of cigarette smoke and reflux. PMID:27775059 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Liu 2022 Smoking related environmental microbes affecting the pulmonary microbiome in Chinese population. PMID:35307427 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Morris 2013 Comparison of the respiratory microbiome in healthy nonsmokers and smokers. PMID:23491408 | 2013 | this review only | Bronchoalveolar lavage inverse Simpson alpha diversity | not extracted yet |
| Paulo 2023 The upper respiratory tract microbiota of healthy adults is affected by Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage, smoking habits, and contact… PMID:37658443 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Pfeiffer 2022 Different responses of the oral, nasal and lung microbiomes to cigarette smoke. PMID:34389656 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Turek 2021 Airway microbial communities, smoking and asthma in a general population sample. PMID:34425308 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ying 2022 Saliva and Lung Microbiome Associations with Electronic Cigarette Use and Smoking. PMID:35667088 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Yu 2017 The effect of cigarette smoking on the oral and nasal microbiota. PMID:28095925 | 2017 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Human participants with respiratory microbiota sampled at nasal cavity, oral/oropharynx, nasopharynx, larynx or lower airway/lung sites | Adult smokers, ex-smokers, e-cigarette users and non-smokers (13 studies) |
| Intervention | Smoking (cigarette, hookah/waterpipe, ENDS/e-cigarettes, heated tobacco products) | Current combustible cigarette smoking (13 studies); former smoking (3); e-cigarette use (2); biochemically characterized active smoke exposure (1) |
| Comparison | Non-smoking or never-smoking comparison groups | Non-smokers or never-smokers (13 studies) |
| Outcomes | Alpha diversity and richness, beta diversity, taxon abundance (phylum, genus, species) | Alpha diversity (13 studies), beta diversity, taxonomic composition; pooled BAL inverse Simpson SMD -1.63 (95% CI -5.07 to 1.81; 2 studies, n=81) |
| Study designs | Original human studies using culture-independent microbiota assessment; no language or time limit | 13 observational, mostly cross-sectional, comparative studies; MINORS mean 14.9 |
| Timing | Not specified | Single time point sampling in most studies; one longitudinal weekly sampling study |