evidencegaps
Primary study · included by 1 review

Lower respiratory tract microbiome composition and community interactions in smokers.

Campos 2023 · Campos Michael, Cickovski Trevor, Fernandez Mitch, et al. · Access microbiology · 2023

Included by

The Effects of Smoking on Respiratory Microbiota Diversity and Composition: A Systematic Review with Exploratory Meta-Analysis.
Non-Cochrane · aetiology · 2026 · cited as Campos 2023 · References 34-45, 20; Section 3.4
Outcome this study informsPooled effectEvidenceCertainty
Bronchoalveolar lavage inverse Simpson alpha diversity
Cigarette smoking vs Non-smoking or never smoking
SMD -1.63 [-5.07, 1.81]2 studies · 81 participantsGRADE not reported

1 including review in total.