Non-Cochrane · aetiology · PM42590033
Association Between Arterial Hypertension and Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Matinyan-Hakobyan Ani, Gonzalez-Navarro Beatriz, Egido-Moreno Sonia, et al. · Journal of clinical medicine · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.3390/jcm15155930
Findings
Population Adults (18 years or older) with or without hypertension
13 findings
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Arterial hypertension Sensitivity analysis: leave-one-out, excluding Holmlund et al. | OR 1.71 GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Arterial hypertension Sensitivity analysis: leave-one-out, excluding Engstrom et al. | OR 1.64 GRADE not reported 10 studies |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Arterial hypertension Geographic region: other continents | OR 1.61 [1.27, 2.03] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Arterial hypertension Periodontal case definition: AAP/EFP 2017/2018 classification | OR 1.90 [1.57, 2.30] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Arterial hypertension Geographic region: Europe | OR 1.64 GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Arterial hypertension Hypertension ascertainment: self-reported diagnosis or treatment status alone | OR 1.65 [1.22, 2.25] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Arterial hypertension Hypertension ascertainment: objective SBP/DBP threshold with or without antihypertensive medication | OR 1.68 [1.37, 2.06] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Arterial hypertension Periodontal case definition: other periodontal indices or thresholds | OR 1.35 [1.21, 1.50] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Arterial hypertension | OR 1.65 [1.42, 1.93] Very low Downgraded: publication bias 11 studies · 48761 participants |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Arterial hypertension Sample size: 3000 or more participants | OR 1.47 [1.29, 1.68] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Arterial hypertension Geographic region: Asia | OR 1.76 GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Arterial hypertension Sample size: fewer than 3000 participants | OR 2.17 [1.77, 2.67] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Periodontitis | No periodontitis | Arterial hypertension Sensitivity analysis: studies at low risk of bias (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale) | OR 1.60 [1.37, 1.86] GRADE not reported 9 studies |
Included primary studies 36
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Holmlund 2006 Severity of periodontal disease and number of remaining teeth are related to the prevalence of myocardial infarction and hypertension in a… PMID:16805679 | 2006 | 1 other review | Arterial hypertension | not extracted yet |
| Rivas-Tumanyan 2012 Periodontal disease and incidence of hypertension in the health professionals follow-up study. PMID:22476024 | 2012 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Aguilera 2021 Association Between Periodontitis and Blood Pressure Highlighted in Systemically Healthy Individuals: Results From a Nested Case-Control… PMID:33775115 | 2021 | this review only | Arterial hypertension | not extracted yet |
| Ahn 2015 The association of hypertension with periodontitis is highlighted in female adults: results from the Fourth Korea National Health and… PMID:26461204 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Al-Hasan 2023 Association between periodontitis and hypertension among a sample of adult Egyptian patients: A hospital-based cross-sectional study DOI:10.4103/jioh.jioh_184_23 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ansari Moghadam 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Aremu 2023 Longitudinal Association between Periodontitis and the Risk of Hypertension. PMID:37361411 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Chen 2023 The correlation between periodontitis and uncontrolled hypertension is mediated by inflammatory markers: results from a cross-sectional… PMID:38001437 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Choi 2015 Associations Among Oral Hygiene Behavior and Hypertension Prevalence and Control: The 2008 to 2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition… PMID:25741579 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Darnaud 2015 Oral Health and Blood Pressure: The IPC Cohort. PMID:25780017 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Desvarieux 2010 Periodontal bacteria and hypertension: the oral infections and vascular disease epidemiology study (INVEST). PMID:20453665 | 2010 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Engstrom 2007 Association between high blood pressure and deep periodontal pockets: a nested case-referent study. PMID:17578812 | 2007 | this review only | Arterial hypertension | not extracted yet |
| Gatarayiha 2024 Association between Periodontitis and Hypertension among Adult Population in Rwanda. PMID:39200864 | 2024 | this review only | Arterial hypertension | not extracted yet |
| Hosadurga 2020 Association between tooth loss and hypertension: A cross-sectional study. PMID:32318447 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Iwashima 2014 Additive interaction of oral health disorders on risk of hypertension in a Japanese urban population: the Suita Study. PMID:24343779 | 2014 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kawabata 2016 Relationship Between Prehypertension/Hypertension and Periodontal Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study. PMID:26208668 | 2016 | this review only | Arterial hypertension | not extracted yet |
| Konnecke 2022 Cross-sectional study on the association of periodontitis with arterial hypertension in the Hamburg City Health Study. PMID:36114562 | 2022 | this review only | Arterial hypertension | not extracted yet |
| Machado 2020 Association between Periodontitis and High Blood Pressure: Results from the Study of Periodontal Health in Almada-Seixal (SoPHiAS). PMID:32456145 | 2020 | this review only | Arterial hypertension | not extracted yet |
| Mendes 2021 Blood Pressure and Tooth Loss: A Large Cross-Sectional Study with Age Mediation Analysis. PMID:33401662 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ollikainen 2014 Association between periodontal condition and hypertension in a non-smoking population aged 30-49 years: results of the Health 2000 Survey… PMID:25256004 | 2014 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Paddmanabhan 2015 Association between chronic periodontitis and hypertension in South Indian population: A cross-sectional study. PMID:26538914 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Park 2024 Chronic periodontal disease is related with newly developing hypertension: a nationwide cohort study. PMID:39350272 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Peres 2012 Tooth loss is associated with increased blood pressure in adults--a multidisciplinary population-based study. PMID:22734702 | 2012 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Pietropaoli 2020 Association between periodontal inflammation and hypertension using periodontal inflamed surface area and bleeding on probing. PMID:31680283 | 2020 | this review only | Arterial hypertension | not extracted yet |
| Rosa 2023 The Relationship between Hypertension and Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional Study. PMID:37568542 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Singh 2016 Association between tooth loss and hypertension among a primarily rural middle aged and older Indian adult population. PMID:27589667 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Torrungruang 2024 Periodontitis and hypertension are linked through systemic inflammation: A 5-year longitudinal study. PMID:38196116 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Tsakos 2010 Is periodontal inflammation associated with raised blood pressure? Evidence from a National US survey. PMID:20706132 | 2010 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Umeizudike 2022 Association of Periodontal Disease with Hypertension in Nigerian Patients: A Comparative Study. PMID:38835532 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Uppal 2024 Association of Oral Health and Periodontal Disease with Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study DOI:10.25259/ijcdw_5_2024 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Vidal 2013 Non-surgical periodontal treatment reduces cardiovascular risk in refractory hypertensive patients: a pilot study. PMID:23639076 | 2013 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Woo 2021 Tooth loss is associated with an increased risk of hypertension: A nationwide population-based cohort study. PMID:34129621 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Yang 2025 Effect of age and systemic inflammation on the association between severity of periodontitis and blood pressure in periodontitis patients. PMID:39984899 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Yildirim 2022 Severity and progression rate of periodontitis are associated with an increased risk of hypertension of patients attending a university… PMID:36550459 | 2022 | this review only | Arterial hypertension | not extracted yet |
| Zhan 2023 Association between periodontitis and hypertension: cross-sectional survey from the Fourth National Oral Health Survey of China (2015-2016). PMID:36972967 | 2023 | this review only | Arterial hypertension | not extracted yet |
| Zhao 2019 Periodontal Disease Is Associated With Increased Risk of Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study. PMID:31105578 | 2019 | this review only | Arterial hypertension | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match). Only the non-Cochrane dental reviews have study lists, so overlap with Cochrane reviews is not counted yet.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Adults (>=18 years), with or without hypertension | Adults in 36 studies (982,300 subjects); 11 pooled studies with 48,761 participants |
| Intervention | Presence of periodontitis (probing depth, clinical attachment loss, bleeding on probing, or validated periodontal case definitions) | Periodontitis defined by AAP/EFP 2017/2018 (n=5 pooled) or other indices such as CPI, SNDI, Eke and Page (n=6 pooled) |
| Comparison | Individuals without periodontitis (periodontally healthy or without defined periodontal disease) | No periodontitis |
| Outcomes | Arterial hypertension (SBP/DBP thresholds, medical diagnosis, or antihypertensive medication use) | Prevalent or incident arterial hypertension (adjusted OR; n=11) |
| Study designs | Observational studies: cross-sectional, case-control and cohort designs | Cross-sectional (n=28), prospective cohort (n=6), nested case-control (n=1), single-arm interventional (n=1); pooled: cross-sectional 9, cohort 1, case-control 1 |
| Timing | Not specified | Not specified |