Non-Cochrane · aetiology · PM42488340
Association of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 Gene Polymorphisms With Susceptibility to Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis With Exploratory Analysis of Apical Periodontitis.
Hossain Imran, Molla Md Saifuddin, Zohora Fatema-Tuz- · International journal of dentistry · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.1155/ijod/4035228
Findings
56 findings
| Population | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with periodontitis or apical periodontitis and healthy controls (exploratory pooled analysis) | GSTM1 null genotype | GSTM1 present genotype | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) | OR 2.84 [1.07, 7.56] GRADE not reported 6 studies · 2024 participants |
| Patients with apical periodontitis and healthy controls | GSTM1 null genotype | GSTM1 present genotype | Susceptibility to apical periodontitis | OR 3.62 [2.44, 5.38] GRADE not reported 2 studies · 770 participants |
| Patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls | GSTM1 null genotype | GSTM1 present genotype | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) | OR 2.49 [0.51, 12.13] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 1254 participants |
| Patients with apical periodontitis and healthy controls | GSTT1 null genotype | GSTT1 present genotype | Susceptibility to apical periodontitis | OR 7.38 [4.24, 12.84] GRADE not reported 2 studies · 770 participants |
| Patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls | GSTM1 null genotype | GSTM1 present genotype | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) · Ethnicity: Caucasian | OR 1.82 [0.59, 5.60] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls | GSTM1 null genotype | GSTM1 present genotype | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) · Ethnicity: Asian | OR 3.36 [0.07, 159.89] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Patients with apical periodontitis and healthy controls | Combined GSTM1/GSTT1 double null genotype | Other GSTM1/GSTT1 genotype combinations | Susceptibility to apical periodontitis | OR 41.70 [19.98, 87.02] GRADE not reported 2 studies · 770 participants |
| Patients with apical periodontitis and healthy controls | Combined GSTM1/GSTT1 either-null genotype | GSTM1/GSTT1 present/present genotype | Susceptibility to apical periodontitis | OR 4.33 [2.55, 7.35] GRADE not reported 2 studies · 770 participants |
| Patients with periodontitis or apical periodontitis and healthy controls (exploratory pooled analysis) | GSTT1 null genotype | GSTT1 present genotype | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) | OR 1.58 [0.42, 6.02] GRADE not reported 5 studies · 1789 participants |
| Patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls | GSTT1 null genotype | GSTT1 present genotype | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) · Ethnicity: Asian | OR 0.29 [0.19, 0.47] GRADE not reported 1 study |
| Patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls | GSTT1 null genotype | GSTT1 present genotype | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) | OR 0.55 [0.28, 1.06] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 1019 participants |
| Patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls | GSTT1 null genotype | GSTT1 present genotype | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) · Ethnicity: Caucasian | OR 0.74 [0.51, 1.08] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Patients with apical periodontitis and healthy controls | Combined GSTM1/GSTT1 present/present genotype | Other GSTM1/GSTT1 genotype combinations | Susceptibility to apical periodontitis | OR 0.23 [0.14, 0.39] GRADE not reported 2 studies · 770 participants |
| Patients with periodontitis or apical periodontitis and healthy controls (exploratory pooled analysis) | GSTM1/GSTT1 double null genotype | Other GSTM1/GSTT1 genotype combinations | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) · Sensitivity analysis: leave-one-out excluding Izakovicova et al. 2024 | OR 12.99 GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Patients with periodontitis or apical periodontitis and healthy controls (exploratory pooled analysis) | GSTM1/GSTT1 double null genotype | Other GSTM1/GSTT1 genotype combinations | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) | OR 7.38 [1.69, 32.19] GRADE not reported 5 studies · 1789 participants |
| Patients with apical periodontitis and healthy controls | GSTP1 rs1695 GG genotype | GSTP1 rs1695 AA genotype | Susceptibility to apical periodontitis | OR 0.29 [0.12, 0.69] GRADE not reported 1 study · 125 participants |
| Patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls | GSTM1/GSTT1 double null genotype | Other GSTM1/GSTT1 genotype combinations | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) · Sensitivity analysis: leave-one-out excluding Izakovicova et al. 2024 | OR 4.58 GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls | GSTM1/GSTT1 double null genotype | Other GSTM1/GSTT1 genotype combinations | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) · Ethnicity: Caucasian | OR 1.43 [0.40, 5.10] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls | GSTM1/GSTT1 double null genotype | Other GSTM1/GSTT1 genotype combinations | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) | OR 2.47 [0.64, 9.56] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 1019 participants |
| Patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls | GSTM1/GSTT1 double null genotype | Other GSTM1/GSTT1 genotype combinations | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) · Ethnicity: Asian | OR 7.03 [3.80, 13.01] GRADE not reported 1 study |
| Patients with apical periodontitis and healthy controls | GSTP1 rs1695 AG genotype | GSTP1 rs1695 AA genotype | Susceptibility to apical periodontitis | OR 0.45 [0.21, 1.00] GRADE not reported 1 study · 155 participants |
| Patients with apical periodontitis and healthy controls | GSTP1 rs1695 AG + GG genotypes | GSTP1 rs1695 AA genotype | Susceptibility to apical periodontitis | OR 0.38 [0.18, 0.79] GRADE not reported 1 study · 200 participants |
| Patients with periodontitis or apical periodontitis and healthy controls (exploratory pooled analysis) | GSTM1 or GSTT1 null genotype (either null) | Other GSTM1/GSTT1 genotype combinations | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) | OR 2.37 [1.17, 4.82] GRADE not reported 5 studies · 1789 participants |
| Patients with apical periodontitis and healthy controls | GSTP1 rs1695 GG genotype | GSTP1 rs1695 AG + AA genotypes | Susceptibility to apical periodontitis | OR 0.45 [0.22, 0.91] GRADE not reported 1 study · 200 participants |
| Patients with periodontitis or apical periodontitis and healthy controls (exploratory pooled analysis) | GSTM1 or GSTT1 null genotype (either null) | GSTM1/GSTT1 present/present genotype | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) · Sensitivity analysis: leave-one-out excluding Izakovicova et al. 2024 | OR 3.18 GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls | GSTM1 or GSTT1 null genotype (either null) | Other GSTM1/GSTT1 genotype combinations | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) | OR 1.50 [0.77, 2.94] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 1019 participants |
| Patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls | GSTM1 or GSTT1 null genotype (either null) | GSTM1/GSTT1 present/present genotype | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) · Sensitivity analysis: leave-one-out excluding Izakovicova et al. 2024 | OR 2.13 GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls | GSTM1 or GSTT1 null genotype (either null) | Other GSTM1/GSTT1 genotype combinations | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) · Ethnicity: Asian | OR 2.15 [1.15, 4.00] GRADE not reported 1 study |
| Patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls | GSTM1 or GSTT1 null genotype (either null) | Other GSTM1/GSTT1 genotype combinations | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) · Ethnicity: Caucasian | OR 1.27 [0.53, 3.05] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Patients with periodontitis or apical periodontitis and healthy controls (exploratory pooled analysis) | GSTM1/GSTT1 present/present genotype | Other GSTM1/GSTT1 genotype combinations | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) · Sensitivity analysis: leave-one-out excluding Izakovicova et al. 2024 | OR 0.31 GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Patients with periodontitis or apical periodontitis and healthy controls (exploratory pooled analysis) | GSTM1/GSTT1 present/present genotype | Other GSTM1/GSTT1 genotype combinations | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) | OR 0.42 [0.21, 0.85] GRADE not reported 5 studies · 1789 participants |
| Patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls | GSTM1/GSTT1 present/present genotype | Other GSTM1/GSTT1 genotype combinations | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) · Ethnicity: Caucasian | OR 0.78 [0.38, 1.88] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls | GSTM1/GSTT1 present/present genotype | Other GSTM1/GSTT1 genotype combinations | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) · Sensitivity analysis: leave-one-out excluding Izakovicova et al. 2024 | OR 0.46 GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls | GSTM1/GSTT1 present/present genotype | Other GSTM1/GSTT1 genotype combinations | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) · Ethnicity: Asian | OR 0.45 [0.24, 0.83] GRADE not reported 1 study |
| Patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls | GSTM1/GSTT1 present/present genotype | Other GSTM1/GSTT1 genotype combinations | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) | OR 0.66 [0.33, 1.31] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 1019 participants |
| Patients with periodontitis or apical periodontitis and healthy controls (exploratory pooled analysis) | GSTP1 rs1695 (A313G) G allele | A allele | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) | OR 1.18 [0.42, 3.32] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 2108 participants |
| Patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls | GSTP1 rs1695 (A313G) G allele | A allele | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) · Ethnicity: Asian | OR 2.09 [0.32, 13.80] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls | GSTP1 rs1695 (A313G) G allele | A allele | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) · Ethnicity: Caucasian | OR 0.94 [0.67, 1.31] GRADE not reported 1 study |
| Patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls | GSTP1 rs1695 (A313G) G allele | A allele | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) | OR 1.60 [0.47, 5.41] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 1708 participants |
| Patients with apical periodontitis and healthy controls | GSTP1 rs1695 (A313G) G allele | A allele | Susceptibility to apical periodontitis Genetic association (case-control) | OR 0.47 [0.30, 0.75] GRADE not reported 1 study · 400 participants |
| Patients with periodontitis or apical periodontitis and healthy controls (exploratory pooled analysis) | GSTP1 rs1695 (A313G) GG genotype | AA genotype | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) | OR 1.20 [0.25, 5.70] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 722 participants |
| Patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls | GSTP1 rs1695 (A313G) GG genotype | AA genotype | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) | OR 1.97 [0.36, 10.88] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 597 participants |
| Patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls | GSTP1 rs1695 (A313G) GG genotype | AA genotype | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) · Ethnicity: Asian | OR 2.59 [0.14, 47.88] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls | GSTP1 rs1695 (A313G) GG genotype | AA genotype | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) · Ethnicity: Caucasian | OR 1.16 [0.48, 2.78] GRADE not reported 1 study |
| Patients with periodontitis or apical periodontitis and healthy controls (exploratory pooled analysis) | GSTP1 rs1695 (A313G) AG genotype | AA genotype | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) | OR 1.15 [0.42, 3.17] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 939 participants |
| Patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls | GSTP1 rs1695 (A313G) AG genotype | AA genotype | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) | OR 1.55 [0.48, 5.02] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 784 participants |
| Patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls | GSTP1 rs1695 (A313G) AG genotype | AA genotype | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) · Ethnicity: Asian | OR 2.19 [0.49, 9.81] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls | GSTP1 rs1695 (A313G) AG genotype | AA genotype | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) · Ethnicity: Caucasian | OR 0.81 [0.52, 1.26] GRADE not reported 1 study |
| Patients with periodontitis or apical periodontitis and healthy controls (exploratory pooled analysis) | GSTP1 rs1695 (A313G) AG + GG genotypes | AA genotype | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) | OR 1.14 [0.35, 3.64] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 1054 participants |
| Patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls | GSTP1 rs1695 (A313G) AG + GG genotypes | AA genotype | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) | OR 1.62 [0.43, 6.07] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 854 participants |
| Patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls | GSTP1 rs1695 (A313G) AG + GG genotypes | AA genotype | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) · Ethnicity: Caucasian | OR 0.85 [0.56, 1.30] GRADE not reported 1 study |
| Patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls | GSTP1 rs1695 (A313G) AG + GG genotypes | AA genotype | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) · Ethnicity: Asian | OR 2.25 [0.35, 14.33] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Patients with periodontitis or apical periodontitis and healthy controls (exploratory pooled analysis) | GSTP1 rs1695 (A313G) GG genotype | AG + AA genotypes | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) | OR 1.26 [0.36, 4.44] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 1054 participants |
| Patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls | GSTP1 rs1695 (A313G) GG genotype | AG + AA genotypes | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) | OR 1.84 [0.42, 8.02] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 854 participants |
| Patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls | GSTP1 rs1695 (A313G) GG genotype | AG + AA genotypes | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) · Ethnicity: Caucasian | OR 1.27 [0.54, 2.99] GRADE not reported 1 study |
| Patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls | GSTP1 rs1695 (A313G) GG genotype | AG + AA genotypes | Susceptibility to disease (odds of periodontitis/apical periodontitis vs healthy controls) Genetic association (case-control) · Ethnicity: Asian | OR 2.22 [0.16, 30.36] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
Included primary studies 14
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arshad 2023 Association of GSTTI, M1 and Polymorphism in GSTPI with Chronic Periodontal Disease in a Pakistani Population. PMID:36833382 | 2023 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Concolino 2007 Association of periodontitis with GSTM1/GSTT1-null variants--a pilot study. PMID:17524385 | 2007 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Izakovicova 2024 Glutathione S-transferase M1, T1, and P1 polymorphisms and periodontitis in a Caucasian population: a case-control study. PMID:38419025 | 2024 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kim 2004 Polymorphisms in genes coding for enzymes metabolizing smoking-derived substances and the risk of periodontitis. PMID:15491310 | 2004 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Saravanan 2023 Genetic association between rs1695 in glutathione S-transferase P1 and risk of periodontitis: a pilot study. PMID:37886736 | 2023 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bagryantseva 2025 Multilocus models of polymorphic genes and their role in assessing the risk of chronic apical periodontitis: A prospective single-center… DOI:10.25207/1608-6228-2025-32-5-18-31 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Concolino 2007 Association of periodontitis with GSTM1/GSTT1-null variants—A pilot study DOI:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2007.04.012 | 2007 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Izakovicova 2024 Glutathione S-transferase M1, T1, and P1 polymorphisms and periodontitis in a Caucasian population: a case-control study DOI:10.1186/s12903-024-04034-x | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Jakovljevic 2020 Association of polymorphisms in TNF‐α, IL‐1β, GSTM and GSTT genes with apical periodontitis: is there a link with herpesviral infection? DOI:10.1111/iej.13298 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Jakovljevic 2020 Association of polymorphisms in TNF-α, IL-1β, GSTM and GSTT genes with apical periodontitis: is there a link with herpesviral infection? PMID:32216135 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kadic 2025 Prevalence of Glutathione-S-Transferase T and M Deletion Polymorphisms in Apical Periodontitis: a Two-Center Observational Study DOI:10.15644/asc59/3/1 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kadic 2025 Prevalence of Glutathione-S-Transferase T and M Deletion Polymorphisms in Apical Periodontitis: a Two-Center Observational Study. PMID:41049322 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kim 2004 Polymorphisms in genes coding for enzymes metabolizing smoking‐derived substances and the risk of periodontitis DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051x.2004.00587.x | 2004 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Saravanan 2023 DOI:10.22099/mbrc.2023.46999.1815 | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match). Only the non-Cochrane dental reviews have study lists, so overlap with Cochrane reviews is not counted yet.
| Review | Shared studies | Jaccard |
|---|---|---|
| Association of oxidative stress-related gst gene polymorphisms with periodontitis susceptibility: A systematic review and meta-analysis. (2026) | 5 | 0.31 |
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Patients with a clinical diagnosis of periodontitis (chronic or aggressive) or apical periodontitis; periodontally healthy controls | 1124 diseased participants and 1206 healthy controls (periodontitis n=5 studies; apical periodontitis n=3 studies) |
| Intervention | GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 (rs1695) gene polymorphisms | GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null, combined GSTM1/GSTT1 genotypes, GSTP1 rs1695 (allelic, homozygous, heterozygous, dominant, recessive models) |
| Comparison | Control genotypes (periodontally healthy subjects) | Healthy controls |
| Outcomes | Susceptibility to periodontitis and apical periodontitis (odds ratio) | Pooled odds ratios for susceptibility to periodontitis and apical periodontitis |
| Study designs | Case-control studies | 8 case-control studies (n=8) |
| Timing | Not specified | Not specified |