Non-Cochrane · prognostic · PM42123114
Birooted Mandibular Canine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Hoppe Amelia, Chęcińska Kamila, Chęciński Maciej, et al. · Journal of clinical medicine · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.3390/jcm15093381
Findings
8 findings
| Population | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Permanent mandibular canines in human populations | Birooted or multirooted anatomical variation (exposure) | None (single root) | Pooled prevalence of birooted mandibular canines, excluding the outlying Al-Dahman 2019 study Sensitivity analysis excluding Al-Dahman 2019 Unresolved: the two extractors disagree on this row. | Prevalence (%) 2.81 GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Permanent mandibular canines in human populations | Birooted or multirooted anatomical variation (exposure) | None (single root) | Pooled prevalence of birooted mandibular canines | Prevalence (%) 2.71 Very low Downgraded: inconsistency 17 studies · 11006 participants |
| Birooted permanent mandibular canines by patient sex | Male sex | Female sex | Sex difference in birooted mandibular canines | OR 0.50 [0.39, 0.65] Very low Downgraded: inconsistency 12 studies · 262 participants |
| Birooted permanent mandibular canines by patient sex | Male sex | Female sex | Sex difference in birooted mandibular canines, seven most homogeneous studies Sensitivity analysis: seven most homogeneous studies | OR 0.53 [0.40, 0.71] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| Birooted permanent mandibular canines by side of jaw | Right side | Left side | Laterality of birooted mandibular canines | OR 1.44 [1.01, 2.05] Very low Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency, publication bias 4 studies · 4963 participants |
| Birooted permanent mandibular canines by side of jaw | Right side | Left side | Laterality of birooted mandibular canines, excluding Monsarrat 2016 Sensitivity analysis: three studies excluding Monsarrat 2016 | OR 1.40 [0.97, 2.00] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Patients with birooted or multirooted mandibular canines | Endodontic treatment | Not specified | Success of endodontic treatment | No data were obtained on the effectiveness of endodontic treatment of two- and more-rooted lower canines. No studies found 0 studies |
| Patients with birooted or multirooted mandibular canines | Tooth extraction | Not specified | Complications of extraction | No information was also collected on the course of extraction of teeth presenting the discussed anatomical variance. No studies found 0 studies |
Included primary studies 18
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al-Dahman 2019 Cone-beam computed tomographic evaluation of root canal morphology of mandibular canines in a Saudi subpopulation DOI:10.4103/sej.sej_85_18 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Alhumaidi 2025 Classifying the internal anatomy of anterior teeth in the Yemeni population using two systems: a retrospective CBCT study DOI:10.1007/s10266-024-00965-7 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Almohaimede 2021 Interpretation of Root Canal Anatomy of Maxillary and Mandibular Permanent Canines in Saudi Subpopulation: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography… DOI:10.1155/2021/5574512 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Aydin 2022 Comparing the crown and root metric properties of double-rooted and single-rooted mandibular canine teeth DOI:10.1007/s11282-022-00637-8 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Beltes 2019 Mandibular canines with additional roots: An <i>ex vivo</i> study of the external and internal morphology DOI:10.1111/aej.12305 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Doumani 2020 Root canal morphology of mandibular canines in the Syrian population: A CBCT Assessment. PMID:32318380 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Khan 2021 FREQUENCY OF TWO ROOTS IN PERMANENT MANDIBULAR CANINE OF PAKISTANI POPULATION: A CONE BEAM COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY (CBCT) STUDY DOI:10.37723/jumdc.v12i1.483 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Mashyakhy 2019 Prevalence of a Second Root and Canal in Mandibular and Maxillary Canines in a Saudi Arabian Population: A Cone-beam Computed Tomography… PMID:31597794 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Monsarrat 2016 Interrelationships in the Variability of Root Canal Anatomy among the Permanent Teeth: A Full-Mouth Approach by Cone-Beam CT DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0165329 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Mustafa 2025 Investigating root and canal morphology of anterior and premolar teeth using CBCT with a novel coding classification system in Saudi… DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-86277-4 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Okumuş 2022 Assessment of Root Canal Anatomy of Maxillary and Mandibular Canine Teeth: a Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study DOI:10.15517/ijds.2022.51090 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Piskórz 2023 Prevalence of two-rooted and one-rooted mandibular canines with two root canals in Poland, assessed using CBCT: A preliminary study DOI:10.17219/dmp/147758 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Shemesh 2016 [Root anatomy and root canal morphology of mandibular canines in Israeli population]. PMID:27295928 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Shrestha 2024 Variations in the Root Form and Root Canal Morphology of Permanent Mandibular canine DOI:10.33314/jnhrc.v21i3.4707 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Siddique 2024 Root canal morphology of permanent mandibular anterior teeth in a Pakistani population: A cone beam computed tomography assessment DOI:10.12669/pjms.40.7.8744 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Taha 2024 Root canal morphology of anterior permanent teeth in Jordanian population using two classification systems: a cone-beam computed… DOI:10.1186/s12903-024-03934-2 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Versiani 2011 The anatomy of two-rooted mandibular canines determined using micro-computed tomography DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2591.2011.01879.x | 2011 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wolf 2021 Internal morphology of 101 mandibular canines of a Swiss-German population by means of micro-CT: An ex vivo study DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-00758-w | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Human permanent mandibular canines; studies with at least 10 cases, root number assessed on extracted teeth or by three-dimensional radiological imaging | Mandibular canines examined in 17 population studies (n=11,006 canines) and 1 case series |
| Intervention | Two-rooted or multi-rooted mandibular canines (accessory or bifurcated roots) | Birooted mandibular canines (n=298 to 299); one three-rooted canine in a case series |
| Comparison | Not specified | Not applicable |
| Outcomes | Prevalence of birooted and multirooted canines; differences by sex, geographical region and side; endodontic treatment success; extraction complications | Pooled prevalence 2.71%; sex OR (male/female) 0.50; side OR (right/left) 1.44; no endodontic or extraction outcome data |
| Study designs | Observational and experimental studies, case series of at least 10 cases; published 1985 to 2025; ISSN journals | 17 cross-sectional population studies (CBCT or micro-CT) and 1 case series (n=18) |
| Timing | Not specified | Not specified |