Non-Cochrane · DTA · PM41906136
Diagnostic accuracy of the Fonseca anamnestic index for temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ma Feihong, Wang Yayuan, Han Dan, et al. · Head & face medicine · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.1186/s13005-026-00601-5
Findings
21 findings
| Population | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients suspected or confirmed with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) | Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) screening questionnaire (index test) | Reference standard diagnosis (DC/TMD or RDC/TMD with imaging) | Diagnostic odds ratio Not specified | DOR 26.51 [11.66, 60.23] GRADE not reported 9 studies · 2381 participants |
| Patients suspected of or diagnosed with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) | Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI or short-form SFAI) questionnaire | Reference standard (DC/TMD or RDC/TMD with clinical, imaging or arthroscopic examination) | Negative likelihood ratio of FAI for TMD Value plotted in Fig. 6 forest plot | Negative likelihood ratio 0.14 [0.08, 0.23] GRADE not reported 9 studies · 2381 participants |
| Patients suspected or confirmed with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) | Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) screening questionnaire (index test) | Reference standard diagnosis (DC/TMD or RDC/TMD with imaging) | Pooled sensitivity Not specified · Subgroup: Chinese population | Sensitivity 0.95 [0.86, 1.00] GRADE not reported 1 study · 923 participants |
| Patients suspected or confirmed with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) | Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) screening questionnaire (index test) | Reference standard diagnosis (DC/TMD or RDC/TMD with imaging) | Pooled sensitivity Not specified · Subgroup: Non-Chinese populations | Sensitivity 0.88 [0.82, 0.95] GRADE not reported 8 studies · 1458 participants |
| Patients suspected or confirmed with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) | Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) screening questionnaire (index test) | Reference standard diagnosis (DC/TMD or RDC/TMD with imaging) | Pooled sensitivity Not specified · Subgroup: Sample size > 200 patients | Sensitivity 0.94 [0.91, 0.97] GRADE not reported 5 studies · 1920 participants |
| Patients suspected or confirmed with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) | Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) screening questionnaire (index test) | Reference standard diagnosis (DC/TMD or RDC/TMD with imaging) | Negative likelihood ratio (as reported in text and abstract) Not specified | Negative likelihood ratio 0.14 [0.07, 0.27] GRADE not reported 9 studies · 2381 participants |
| Patients suspected or confirmed with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) | Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) screening questionnaire (index test) | Reference standard diagnosis (DC/TMD or RDC/TMD with imaging) | Post-test probability after negative FAI at 20% pre-test probability Not specified | Post-test probability (%) 3 GRADE not reported 9 studies · 2381 participants |
| Patients suspected or confirmed with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) | Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) screening questionnaire (index test) | Reference standard diagnosis (DC/TMD or RDC/TMD with imaging) | Pooled specificity Not specified | Specificity 0.76 [0.57, 0.88] GRADE not reported 9 studies · 2381 participants |
| Patients suspected or confirmed with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) | Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) screening questionnaire (index test) | Reference standard diagnosis (DC/TMD or RDC/TMD with imaging) | Pooled specificity Not specified · Sensitivity analysis: excluding de Santis et al. 2014 | Specificity 0.75 GRADE not reported 8 studies · 2271 participants |
| Patients suspected or confirmed with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) | Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) screening questionnaire (index test) | Reference standard diagnosis (DC/TMD or RDC/TMD with imaging) | Pooled specificity Not specified · Subgroup: Chinese population | Specificity 0.88 [0.63, 1.00] GRADE not reported 1 study · 923 participants |
| Patients suspected or confirmed with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) | Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) screening questionnaire (index test) | Reference standard diagnosis (DC/TMD or RDC/TMD with imaging) | Positive likelihood ratio (as reported in text and abstract) Not specified | Positive likelihood ratio 3.28 [2.46, 4.10] GRADE not reported 9 studies · 2381 participants |
| Patients suspected or confirmed with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) | Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) screening questionnaire (index test) | Reference standard diagnosis (DC/TMD or RDC/TMD with imaging) | Post-test probability after positive FAI at 20% pre-test probability Not specified | Post-test probability (%) 48 GRADE not reported 9 studies · 2381 participants |
| Patients suspected or confirmed with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) | Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) screening questionnaire (index test) | Reference standard diagnosis (DC/TMD or RDC/TMD with imaging) | Pooled sensitivity Not specified · Subgroup: Male proportion of 50% | Sensitivity 0.75 [0.55, 0.96] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Patients suspected or confirmed with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) | Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) screening questionnaire (index test) | Reference standard diagnosis (DC/TMD or RDC/TMD with imaging) | Pooled sensitivity Not specified · Sensitivity analysis: excluding de Santis et al. 2014 | Sensitivity 0.92 GRADE not reported 8 studies · 2271 participants |
| Patients suspected or confirmed with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) | Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) screening questionnaire (index test) | Reference standard diagnosis (DC/TMD or RDC/TMD with imaging) | Pooled specificity Not specified · Subgroup: Sample size > 200 patients | Specificity 0.71 [0.49, 0.94] GRADE not reported 5 studies · 1920 participants |
| Patients suspected or confirmed with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) | Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) screening questionnaire (index test) | Reference standard diagnosis (DC/TMD or RDC/TMD with imaging) | Pooled specificity Not specified · Subgroup: Male proportion of 50% | Specificity 0.67 [0.27, 1.00] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Patients suspected or confirmed with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) | Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) screening questionnaire (index test) | Reference standard diagnosis (DC/TMD or RDC/TMD with imaging) | Pooled sensitivity Not specified | Sensitivity 0.89 [0.82, 0.94] GRADE not reported 9 studies · 2381 participants |
| Patients suspected or confirmed with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) | Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) screening questionnaire (index test) | Reference standard diagnosis (DC/TMD or RDC/TMD with imaging) | Pooled specificity Not specified · Subgroup: Non-Chinese populations | Specificity 0.74 [0.57, 0.90] GRADE not reported 8 studies · 1458 participants |
| Patients suspected or confirmed with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) | Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) screening questionnaire (index test) | Reference standard diagnosis (DC/TMD or RDC/TMD with imaging) | Summary area under the SROC curve Not specified | AUC 0.91 [0.88, 0.93] GRADE not reported 9 studies · 2381 participants |
| Patients suspected of or diagnosed with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) | Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI or short-form SFAI) questionnaire | Reference standard (DC/TMD or RDC/TMD with clinical, imaging or arthroscopic examination) | Positive likelihood ratio of FAI for TMD Value plotted in Fig. 6 forest plot | Positive likelihood ratio 3.68 [1.99, 6.83] GRADE not reported 9 studies · 2381 participants |
| Patients suspected of or diagnosed with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) | Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI or short-form SFAI) questionnaire | Reference standard (DC/TMD or RDC/TMD with clinical, imaging or arthroscopic examination) | Diagnostic score of FAI for TMD | Diagnostic score (log DOR) 3.28 [2.46, 4.10] GRADE not reported 9 studies · 2381 participants |
Included primary studies 9
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Berni 2015 Accuracy of the Fonseca anamnestic index in the identification of myogenous temporomandibular disorder in female community cases. PMID:26118509 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| de Santis 2014 Accuracy study of the main screening tools for temporomandibular disorder in children and adolescents. PMID:24411155 | 2014 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kaynak 2023 The accuracy and reliability of the Turkish version of the Fonseca anamnestic index in temporomandibular disorders. PMID:32840464 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kothari 2025 Temporomandibular Disorders in Brain Injury Patients and Diagnostic Accuracy of the Assessment Tools. PMID:39928040 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Pires 2018 Analysis of the accuracy and reliability of the Short-Form Fonseca Anamnestic Index in the diagnosis of myogenous temporomandibular… PMID:29519746 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Stasiak 2023 TMD diagnosis: Sensitivity and specificity of the Fonseca Anamnestic Index. PMID:33108257 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Yap 2024 Accuracy of the Fonseca Anamnestic Index for identifying pain-related and/or intra-articular Temporomandibular Disorders. PMID:34259594 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Yarasca-Berrocal 2022 Predictability and Accuracy of the Short-Form Fonseca Anamnestic Index in Relation to the Modified Helkimo Index for the Diagnosis of… PMID:35462743 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zagalaz-Anula 2021 The Short Form of the Fonseca Anamnestic Index for the Screening of Temporomandibular Disorders: Validity and Reliability in a… PMID:34945153 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Patients suspected or confirmed with TMD with explicit diagnostic criteria | Patients with suspected or confirmed TMD (n=2381); children to older adults |
| Intervention | Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) as screening or diagnostic assessment | FAI (n=7 studies) and short-form SFAI (n=2 studies) |
| Comparison | Reference standard (clinical symptoms with imaging or arthroscopic examination) | DC/TMD (n=5 studies) or RDC/TMD (n=4 studies) reference standard |
| Outcomes | Sensitivity, specificity, true/false positives and negatives, DOR, AUC | Pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, DOR, summary AUC |
| Study designs | Prospective and retrospective diagnostic studies, English language | Diagnostic accuracy studies (n=9), mostly cross-sectional |
| Timing | Not specified | Not specified |