Non-Cochrane · aetiology · PM41665848
Respiratory problems in early childhood and molar-incisor hypomineralization: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Brandão Osterno Ronney, Carvalho Costa Lara, Mustafa Gomes Muniz Francisco Wilker, et al. · Odontology · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.1007/s10266-026-01321-7
Findings
Population Dentate children and adolescents (studies aged 6-28 years); respiratory exposure in early childhood (birth to 3 years)
12 findings
| Asthma in early childhood | No asthma | Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), adjusted association Exposure birth to 3 years; MIH assessed at 6-28 years · Case-control studies | OR 1.00 [0.18, 5.56] GRADE not reported 1 study |
| Asthma in early childhood | No asthma | Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), crude association Exposure birth to 3 years; MIH assessed at 6-28 years · Cross-sectional studies | OR 2.24 [0.94, 5.32] GRADE not reported 7 studies · 8009 participants |
| Asthma in early childhood | No asthma | Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), crude association Exposure birth to 3 years; MIH assessed at 6-28 years · Case-control studies | OR 3.99 [0.48, 32.90] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 452 participants |
| Asthma in early childhood | No asthma | Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), crude association Exposure birth to 3 years; MIH assessed at 6-28 years | OR 2.44 [1.12, 5.35] 145 [14, 326] per 1000 Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency 10 studies · 8461 participants |
| Asthma in early childhood | No asthma | Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), adjusted association Exposure birth to 3 years; MIH assessed at 6-28 years · Cross-sectional studies | OR 2.34 [0.57, 9.65] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Asthma in early childhood | No asthma | Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), adjusted association Exposure birth to 3 years; MIH assessed at 6-28 years | OR 1.93 [0.60, 6.20] -2 [-6, -1] per 1000 Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency 4 studies |
| Pneumonia in early childhood | No pneumonia | Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), crude association Exposure birth to 3 years; MIH assessed at 6-28 years | OR 1.88 [0.75, 4.69] 82 [-26, 265] per 1000 Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency 9 studies · 8120 participants |
| Pneumonia in early childhood | No pneumonia | Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), adjusted association Exposure birth to 3 years; MIH assessed at 6-28 years · Case-control studies | OR 1.44 [0.34, 6.10] GRADE not reported 1 study |
| Pneumonia in early childhood | No pneumonia | Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), crude association Exposure birth to 3 years; MIH assessed at 6-28 years · Cross-sectional studies | OR 1.73 [0.54, 5.57] GRADE not reported 6 studies · 7662 participants |
| Pneumonia in early childhood | No pneumonia | Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), crude association Exposure birth to 3 years; MIH assessed at 6-28 years · Case-control studies | OR 2.05 [1.04, 4.04] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 458 participants |
| Pneumonia in early childhood | No pneumonia | Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), adjusted association Exposure birth to 3 years; MIH assessed at 6-28 years · Cross-sectional studies | OR 4.20 [1.06, 16.61] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Pneumonia in early childhood | No pneumonia | Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), adjusted association Exposure birth to 3 years; MIH assessed at 6-28 years | OR 3.33 [1.05, 10.51] -3 [-11, -1] per 1000 Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency 5 studies |
Included primary studies 25
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Souza 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), crude association; Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), adjusted association | not extracted yet |
| Acosta 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Allazzam 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), crude association | not extracted yet |
| Almuallem 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), crude association; Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), adjusted association | not extracted yet |
| Beentjes 2002 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), crude association | not extracted yet |
| Bezamat 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Flexeder 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Fonseca-Souza 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Hernandez 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), crude association; Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), adjusted association | not extracted yet |
| Hernandez 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Jälevik 2001 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), crude association; Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), adjusted association | not extracted yet |
| Kühnisch 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Lygidakis 2008 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Mariam 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), crude association | not extracted yet |
| Mejía 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Muratbegovic 2007 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Pitiphat 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), crude association | not extracted yet |
| Portella 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), crude association; Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), adjusted association | not extracted yet |
| Sönmez 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), crude association; Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), adjusted association | not extracted yet |
| Souza 2012 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sulaimani 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), crude association | not extracted yet |
| Tourino 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), crude association | not extracted yet |
| Wogelius 2010 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wogelius 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wuollet 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match). Only the non-Cochrane dental reviews have study lists, so overlap with Cochrane reviews is not counted yet.
| Review | Shared studies | Jaccard |
|---|---|---|
| Comparative diagnostic accuracy of laser fluorescence and conventional caries detection methods in children: a systematic review and meta… (2026) | 1 | 0.02 |
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Dentate individuals with no age restriction | Children and adolescents aged 6 to 28 years; sample sizes 45 to 4,049 (n=27 studies) |
| Intervention | Exposure: respiratory disorders in early childhood (birth to 3 years), physician-diagnosed or parent-reported | Early childhood asthma (16 studies), lower respiratory tract infections including pneumonia (19), upper respiratory tract infections (15), unspecified respiratory problems (3) |
| Comparison | Individuals without respiratory disorders | No respiratory problem |
| Outcomes | Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) diagnosed by an oral health professional | MIH (EAPD criteria in most studies) |
| Study designs | Cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies | 27 studies, mostly cross-sectional; 12 studies in 4 meta-analyses (asthma crude n=10, asthma adjusted n=4, pneumonia crude n=9, pneumonia adjusted n=5) |
| Timing | Exposure in early childhood (birth to 3 years) | Retrospective assessment of exposure from birth to 3 years |