Non-Cochrane · intervention · PM41438452
Effect of guided tissue regeneration on the outcome of surgical endodontic treatment: An umbrella review.
Gowda Ananda, Chandrashekaraiah Praveen, Yoganatha H N, et al. · Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics · 2025 · PubMed · doi:10.4103/jcde.jcde_691_25
Findings
Population Patients undergoing surgical endodontic treatment (apical surgery) for periapical lesions
129 findings
| e-PTFE membranes + hydroxyapatite | CGF + xenogenic Bio-Oss collagen graft | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.50 [0.05, 5.60] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| e-PTFE membranes + hydroxyapatite | Collagen membranes + bovine-derived hydroxyapatite | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.39 [0.05, 3.02] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| e-PTFE membranes + hydroxyapatite | CGF + hydroxyapatite | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.59 [0.02, 20.17] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| e-PTFE membranes + hydroxyapatite | Hydroxyapatite | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.59 [0.02, 20.17] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| e-PTFE membranes + hydroxyapatite | Collagen-based bone graft | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.33 [0.03, 3.49] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| e-PTFE membranes + hydroxyapatite | e-PTFE membranes | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.28 [0.03, 2.26] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| e-PTFE membranes + hydroxyapatite | Autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.27 [0.03, 2.31] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| e-PTFE membranes + hydroxyapatite | Calcium sulfate graft | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.26 [0.03, 2.41] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| e-PTFE membranes + hydroxyapatite | Xenogenic Bio-Oss collagen graft | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.25 [0.03, 2.30] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| e-PTFE membranes + hydroxyapatite | Bovine bone hydroxyapatite | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.23 [0.03, 1.92] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| e-PTFE membranes + hydroxyapatite | Collagen membranes (Bio-Gide) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment Unresolved: the two extractors disagree on this row. | OR 0.21 [0.03, 1.70] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| e-PTFE membranes + hydroxyapatite | Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.19 [0.02, 2.31] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| e-PTFE membranes + hydroxyapatite | Bio-resorbable polylactic acid membrane | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.16 [0.01, 2.49] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| e-PTFE membranes + hydroxyapatite | Collagen membranes (Ossix plus) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment Unresolved: the two extractors disagree on this row. | OR 0.15 [0.02, 1.41] Moderate Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency Studies not reported |
| e-PTFE membranes + hydroxyapatite | Control (surgery without regenerative adjunct) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.13 [0.02, 0.98] 21 [1, 38] percentage points (risk difference) Moderate Downgraded: inconsistency Studies not reported |
| CGF + xenogenic Bio-Oss collagen graft | Collagen membranes + bovine-derived hydroxyapatite | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.77 [0.19, 3.05] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| CGF + xenogenic Bio-Oss collagen graft | CGF + hydroxyapatite | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 1.17 [0.05, 28.00] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| CGF + xenogenic Bio-Oss collagen graft | Hydroxyapatite | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 1.17 [0.05, 28.00] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| CGF + xenogenic Bio-Oss collagen graft | Collagen-based bone graft | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.65 [0.11, 3.95] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| CGF + xenogenic Bio-Oss collagen graft | e-PTFE membranes | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.55 [0.13, 2.32] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| CGF + xenogenic Bio-Oss collagen graft | Autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.53 [0.11, 2.43] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| CGF + xenogenic Bio-Oss collagen graft | Calcium sulfate graft | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.51 [0.10, 2.62] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| CGF + xenogenic Bio-Oss collagen graft | Xenogenic Bio-Oss collagen graft | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.49 [0.10, 2.43] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| CGF + xenogenic Bio-Oss collagen graft | Bovine bone hydroxyapatite | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.45 [0.10, 2.02] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| CGF + xenogenic Bio-Oss collagen graft | Collagen membranes (Bio-Gide) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment Unresolved: the two extractors disagree on this row. | OR 0.42 [0.10, 1.72] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| CGF + xenogenic Bio-Oss collagen graft | Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.38 [0.05, 2.75] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| CGF + xenogenic Bio-Oss collagen graft | Bio-resorbable polylactic acid membrane | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.32 [0.03, 3.06] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| CGF + xenogenic Bio-Oss collagen graft | Collagen membranes (Ossix plus) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment Unresolved: the two extractors disagree on this row. | OR 0.29 [0.05, 1.56] Moderate Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency Studies not reported |
| CGF + xenogenic Bio-Oss collagen graft | Control (surgery without regenerative adjunct) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.26 [0.07, 0.97] 18 [1, 33] percentage points (risk difference) Moderate Downgraded: inconsistency Studies not reported |
| Collagen membranes + bovine-derived hydroxyapatite | CGF + hydroxyapatite | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 1.52 [0.08, 28.53] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Collagen membranes + bovine-derived hydroxyapatite | Hydroxyapatite | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 1.52 [0.08, 28.53] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Collagen membranes + bovine-derived hydroxyapatite | Collagen-based bone graft | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.85 [0.24, 3.06] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Collagen membranes + bovine-derived hydroxyapatite | e-PTFE membranes | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.72 [0.37, 1.40] Moderate Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Collagen membranes + bovine-derived hydroxyapatite | Autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.69 [0.30, 1.57] Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency Studies not reported |
| Collagen membranes + bovine-derived hydroxyapatite | Calcium sulfate graft | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.66 [0.23, 1.89] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Collagen membranes + bovine-derived hydroxyapatite | Xenogenic Bio-Oss collagen graft | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.64 [0.23, 1.79] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Collagen membranes + bovine-derived hydroxyapatite | Bovine bone hydroxyapatite | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.59 [0.27, 1.29] Moderate Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Collagen membranes + bovine-derived hydroxyapatite | Collagen membranes (Bio-Gide) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.55 [0.29, 1.03] Moderate Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Collagen membranes + bovine-derived hydroxyapatite | Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.50 [0.11, 2.23] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Collagen membranes + bovine-derived hydroxyapatite | Bio-resorbable polylactic acid membrane | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.42 [0.06, 2.78] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Collagen membranes + bovine-derived hydroxyapatite | Collagen membranes (Ossix plus) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.38 [0.13, 1.13] Moderate Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Collagen membranes + bovine-derived hydroxyapatite | Control (surgery without regenerative adjunct) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.33 [0.22, 0.50] 15 [7, 22] percentage points (risk difference) High Studies not reported |
| CGF + hydroxyapatite | Hydroxyapatite | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 1.00 [0.02, 59.99] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| CGF + hydroxyapatite | Collagen-based bone graft | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.56 [0.02, 13.01] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| CGF + hydroxyapatite | e-PTFE membranes | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.47 [0.02, 9.08] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| CGF + hydroxyapatite | Autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.45 [0.02, 9.06] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| CGF + hydroxyapatite | Calcium sulfate graft | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.43 [0.02, 9.28] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| CGF + hydroxyapatite | Xenogenic Bio-Oss collagen graft | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.42 [0.02, 8.80] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| CGF + hydroxyapatite | Bovine bone hydroxyapatite | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.39 [0.02, 7.67] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| CGF + hydroxyapatite | Collagen membranes (Bio-Gide) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.36 [0.02, 6.82] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| CGF + hydroxyapatite | Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.33 [0.01, 8.47] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| CGF + hydroxyapatite | Bio-resorbable polylactic acid membrane | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.27 [0.01, 8.46] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| CGF + hydroxyapatite | Collagen membranes (Ossix plus) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.25 [0.01, 5.42] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| CGF + hydroxyapatite | Control (surgery without regenerative adjunct) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.22 [0.01, 4.02] 21 percentage points (risk difference) Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Hydroxyapatite | Collagen-based bone graft | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.56 [0.02, 13.01] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Hydroxyapatite | e-PTFE membranes | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.47 [0.02, 9.08] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Hydroxyapatite | Autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.45 [0.02, 9.06] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Hydroxyapatite | Calcium sulfate graft | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.43 [0.02, 9.28] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Hydroxyapatite | Xenogenic Bio-Oss collagen graft | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.42 [0.02, 8.80] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Hydroxyapatite | Bovine bone hydroxyapatite | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.39 [0.02, 7.67] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Hydroxyapatite | Collagen membranes (Bio-Gide) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.36 [0.02, 6.82] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Hydroxyapatite | Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.33 [0.01, 8.47] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Hydroxyapatite | Bio-resorbable polylactic acid membrane | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.27 [0.01, 8.46] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Hydroxyapatite | Collagen membranes (Ossix plus) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.25 [0.01, 5.42] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Hydroxyapatite | Control (surgery without regenerative adjunct) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.22 [0.01, 4.02] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Collagen-based bone graft | e-PTFE membranes | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.85 [0.22, 3.25] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Collagen-based bone graft | Autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.81 [0.19, 3.40] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Collagen-based bone graft | Calcium sulfate graft | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.78 [0.16, 3.70] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Collagen-based bone graft | Xenogenic Bio-Oss collagen graft | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.76 [0.16, 3.56] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Collagen-based bone graft | Bovine bone hydroxyapatite | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.69 [0.18, 2.75] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Collagen-based bone graft | Collagen membranes (Bio-Gide) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.64 [0.17, 2.43] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Collagen-based bone graft | Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.59 [0.09, 3.93] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Collagen-based bone graft | Bio-resorbable polylactic acid membrane | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.49 [0.05, 4.54] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Collagen-based bone graft | Collagen membranes (Ossix plus) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.45 [0.09, 2.19] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Collagen-based bone graft | Control (surgery without regenerative adjunct) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.39 [0.12, 1.33] Moderate Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| e-PTFE membranes | Autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.95 [0.37, 2.43] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| e-PTFE membranes | Calcium sulfate graft | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.92 [0.30, 2.82] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| e-PTFE membranes | Xenogenic Bio-Oss collagen graft | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.89 [0.30, 2.67] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| e-PTFE membranes | Bovine bone hydroxyapatite | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.82 [0.34, 1.97] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| e-PTFE membranes | Collagen membranes (Bio-Gide) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.76 [0.36, 1.62] Moderate Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency Studies not reported |
| e-PTFE membranes | Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.70 [0.15, 3.25] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| e-PTFE membranes | Bio-resorbable polylactic acid membrane | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.58 [0.08, 4.02] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| e-PTFE membranes | Collagen membranes (Ossix plus) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.53 [0.17, 1.65] Moderate Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency Studies not reported |
| e-PTFE membranes | Control (surgery without regenerative adjunct) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.47 [0.26, 0.82] High Studies not reported |
| Autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) | Calcium sulfate graft | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.97 [0.28, 3.35] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) | Xenogenic Bio-Oss collagen graft | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.94 [0.28, 3.17] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) | Bovine bone hydroxyapatite | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.86 [0.31, 2.40] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) | Collagen membranes (Bio-Gide) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment Unresolved: the two extractors disagree on this row. | OR 0.80 [0.33, 1.95] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision Studies not reported |
| Autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) | Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.73 [0.14, 3.77] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) | Bio-resorbable polylactic acid membrane | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.61 [0.08, 4.53] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) | Collagen membranes (Ossix plus) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment Unresolved: the two extractors disagree on this row. | OR 0.55 [0.15, 1.98] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) | Control (surgery without regenerative adjunct) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.49 [0.23, 1.05] Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision Studies not reported |
| Calcium sulfate graft | Xenogenic Bio-Oss collagen graft | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.97 [0.25, 3.76] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Calcium sulfate graft | Bovine bone hydroxyapatite | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.89 [0.27, 2.90] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Calcium sulfate graft | Collagen membranes (Bio-Gide) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.83 [0.27, 2.50] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Calcium sulfate graft | Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.76 [0.13, 4.30] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Calcium sulfate graft | Bio-resorbable polylactic acid membrane | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.63 [0.08, 5.12] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Calcium sulfate graft | Collagen membranes (Ossix plus) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.57 [0.14, 2.34] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Calcium sulfate graft | Control (surgery without regenerative adjunct) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.51 [0.19, 1.36] Moderate Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Xenogenic Bio-Oss collagen graft | Bovine bone hydroxyapatite | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.92 [0.28, 2.98] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Xenogenic Bio-Oss collagen graft | Collagen membranes (Bio-Gide) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.85 [0.29, 2.47] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Xenogenic Bio-Oss collagen graft | Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.78 [0.14, 4.44] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Xenogenic Bio-Oss collagen graft | Bio-resorbable polylactic acid membrane | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.65 [0.08, 5.10] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Xenogenic Bio-Oss collagen graft | Collagen membranes (Ossix plus) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.59 [0.15, 2.39] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Xenogenic Bio-Oss collagen graft | Control (surgery without regenerative adjunct) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.52 [0.20, 1.36] Moderate Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Bovine bone hydroxyapatite | Collagen membranes (Bio-Gide) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.93 [0.39, 2.21] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Bovine bone hydroxyapatite | Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.85 [0.17, 4.16] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Bovine bone hydroxyapatite | Bio-resorbable polylactic acid membrane | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.70 [0.10, 5.15] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Bovine bone hydroxyapatite | Collagen membranes (Ossix plus) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.64 [0.19, 2.17] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Bovine bone hydroxyapatite | Control (surgery without regenerative adjunct) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.57 [0.28, 1.14] Moderate Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Collagen membranes (Bio-Gide) | Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.91 [0.19, 4.29] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Collagen membranes (Bio-Gide) | Bio-resorbable polylactic acid membrane | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.76 [0.11, 5.19] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Collagen membranes (Bio-Gide) | Collagen membranes (Ossix plus) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.69 [0.22, 2.19] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Collagen membranes (Bio-Gide) | Control (surgery without regenerative adjunct) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment Unresolved: the two extractors disagree on this row. | OR 0.61 [0.36, 1.04] Moderate Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) | Bio-resorbable polylactic acid membrane | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.83 [0.08, 8.83] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) | Collagen membranes (Ossix plus) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.76 [0.13, 4.39] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) | Control (surgery without regenerative adjunct) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.67 [0.16, 2.87] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Bio-resorbable polylactic acid membrane | Collagen membranes (Ossix plus) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.91 [0.11, 7.66] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Bio-resorbable polylactic acid membrane | Control (surgery without regenerative adjunct) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 0.81 [0.12, 5.20] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Collagen membranes (Ossix plus) | Control (surgery without regenerative adjunct) | Treatment success (absence of clinical signs and symptoms plus complete or incomplete radiographic periapical healing) Follow-up of at least 12 months (primary NMA dataset) · Surgical endodontic treatment Unresolved: the two extractors disagree on this row. | OR 0.88 [0.32, 2.47] Low Downgraded: imprecision Studies not reported |
| Membrane plus bone graft (MB+Os) guided tissue regeneration | Control (no regenerative technique) | Healing success (clinical and radiographic) Surgical endodontic treatment | OR 3.67 GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Guided tissue regeneration (any) | Control (no guided tissue regeneration) | Healing success (clinical and radiographic) Surgical endodontic treatment Unresolved: the two extractors disagree on this row. | GTR showed a trend toward better outcomes, but differences were not statistically significant (OR about 0.48 to 0.49; P>0.05) GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Guided tissue regeneration (any) | Control (no guided tissue regeneration) | Healing success on 3D (CBCT) assessment Surgical endodontic treatment | RR 0.36 GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Guided tissue regeneration (any) | Control (no guided tissue regeneration) | Healing success on 2D radiographic assessment Surgical endodontic treatment | RR 0.50 GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Regenerative techniques (any) | Control (no regenerative technique) | Combined clinical and radiographic success Surgical endodontic treatment | RR 0.42 GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Bone replacement analogue only | Control (no regenerative technique) | Healing success Surgical endodontic treatment | RR 0.48 [0.23, 0.98] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Combination of membrane and bone replacement analogue | Control (no regenerative technique) | Healing success Surgical endodontic treatment | RR 0.41 [0.22, 0.77] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Endodontic microsurgery (EMS) | None | Pooled success rate Surgical endodontic treatment | Pooled proportion (%) 93.05 GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Root-end surgery with resin-based adhesives (RES) | None | Pooled success rate Surgical endodontic treatment | Pooled proportion (%) 80.16 GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
Included primary studies 23
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deng 2016 The Effect of Regeneration Techniques on Periapical Surgery With Different Protocols for Different Lesion Types: A Meta-Analysis DOI:10.1016/j.joms.2015.10.007 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Deng 2016 The Effect of Regeneration Techniques on Periapical Surgery With Different Protocols for Different Lesion Types: A Meta-Analysis. PMID:26546842 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| di Lauro 2023 The Effectiveness of Autologous Platelet Concentrates in the Clinical and Radiographic Healing after Endodontic Surgery: A Systematic Review DOI:10.3390/ma16227187 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| di Lauro 2023 The Effectiveness of Autologous Platelet Concentrates in the Clinical and Radiographic Healing after Endodontic Surgery: A Systematic… PMID:38005117 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Flynn 2024 The impact of bone grafting with/without barrier membrane placement on the outcome of apical surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis DOI:10.1111/iej.14066 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Flynn 2024 The impact of bone grafting with/without barrier membrane placement on the outcome of apical surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PMID:38491954 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Jabbari 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Liu 2021 Impact of different regenerative techniques and materials on the healing outcome of endodontic surgery: a systematic review and… DOI:10.1111/iej.13440 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Liu 2021 Impact of different regenerative techniques and materials on the healing outcome of endodontic surgery: a systematic review and… PMID:33159322 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Montero-Miralles 2021 Biomaterials in periapical regeneration after microsurgical endodontics: A narrative review. PMID:34603623 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Muthanna 2025 Impact of regenerative procedure on the healing process following surgical root canal treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0312751 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Muthanna 2025 Impact of regenerative procedure on the healing process following surgical root canal treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PMID:39746110 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Rosen 2023 Effect of guided tissue regeneration on the success of surgical endodontic treatment of teeth… DOI:10.1111/iej.13936 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Rosen 2023 Effect of guided tissue regeneration on the success of surgical endodontic treatment of teeth with endodontic-periodontal lesions: A… PMID:37212140 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sabeti 2025 Optimizing Endodontic Surgery: A Systematic Review of Guided Tissue Regeneration, Grafting, and Platelet Concentrates vs. No Intervention DOI:10.3390/dj13030091 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sabeti 2025 Optimizing Endodontic Surgery: A Systematic Review of Guided Tissue Regeneration, Grafting, and Platelet Concentrates vs. No Intervention. PMID:40136719 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sanchez-Torres 2014 Materials and prognostic factors of bone regeneration in periapical surgery: a systematic review. PMID:24608211 | 2014 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sumangali 2021a Bone Regenerative Biomaterials in Periapical Surgery: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis. PMID:35017901 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sumangali 2021b Various Assisted Bone Regeneration in Apicectomy Defects Systematic Review and Meta Analysis. PMID:35017900 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Tsesis 2011 Effect of Guided Tissue Regeneration on the Outcome of Surgical Endodontic Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis DOI:10.1016/j.joen.2011.05.016 | 2011 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Tsesis 2011 Effect of guided tissue regeneration on the outcome of surgical endodontic treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PMID:21763891 | 2011 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zubizarreta-Macho 2022 Influence of Guided Tissue Regeneration Techniques on the Success Rate of Healing of Surgical Endodontic Treatment: A Systematic Review… DOI:10.3390/jcm11041062 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zubizarreta-Macho 2022 Influence of Guided Tissue Regeneration Techniques on the Success Rate of Healing of Surgical Endodontic Treatment: A Systematic Review… PMID:35207335 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Patients undergoing surgical endodontic treatment | Patients undergoing apical surgery (periapical, through-and-through, apicomarginal and four-wall lesions) (n=14 reviews; 48 primary studies) |
| Intervention | GTR techniques using barrier membranes or regenerative biomaterials | 16 interventions: APCs, bio-resorbable polylactic acid membrane, bovine bone hydroxyapatite, CGF + hydroxyapatite, CGF + xenogenic Bio-Oss collagen graft, calcium sulphate graft, collagen based bone graft, collagen membranes (Ossix plus), collagen membranes + bovine derived hydroxyapatite, hydroxyapatite, PRP, xenogenic Bio-Oss collagen graft, collagen membranes (Bio-Gide), e-PTFE membranes, e-PTFE membranes + hydroxyapatite |
| Comparison | Conventional apical surgery without GTR or alternative GTR materials | Control (surgery without regenerative adjunct) and all other interventions (120 network comparisons) |
| Outcomes | Clinical and radiographic success of surgical endodontic treatment (absence of pain, sinus tract, swelling, tenderness plus complete or incomplete periapical healing) | Treatment success (odds ratio of failure), SUCRA rankings, CINeMA confidence |
| Study designs | Systematic reviews and meta-analyses; primary studies with at least 12 months follow-up for the NMA | Network meta-analysis of primary studies extracted from 14 systematic reviews (n=48 primary studies) |
| Timing | Primary outcome at least 12 months follow-up | At least 12 months follow-up |