Non-Cochrane · aetiology · PM40955131
Is Obesity a Risk Factor for Periodontitis? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Esperouz Fariba, Ciavarella Domenico, Di Gioia Claudio, et al. · Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.1111/obr.70020
Findings
Population Adults (>17 years) with obesity (BMI >= 30 kg/m2)
22 findings
| Obesity (BMI >= 30 kg/m2) | Adults without obesity | Periodontitis Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Kongstad 2009 | OR 1.29 [1.20, 1.38] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Obesity (BMI >= 30 kg/m2) | Adults without obesity | Periodontitis Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Khader 2009 | OR 1.29 [1.20, 1.38] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Obesity (BMI >= 30 kg/m2) | Adults without obesity | Periodontitis Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Dalla Vecchia 2005 | OR 1.30 [1.21, 1.39] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Obesity (BMI >= 30 kg/m2) | Adults without obesity | Periodontitis Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Katagiri 2010 | OR 1.29 [1.21, 1.38] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Obesity (BMI >= 30 kg/m2) | Adults without obesity | Periodontitis Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Alsalihi 2021 | OR 1.68 [1.44, 1.95] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Obesity (BMI >= 30 kg/m2) | Adults without obesity | Periodontitis Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Benguigui 2012 | OR 1.29 [1.21, 1.39] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Obesity (BMI >= 30 kg/m2) | Adults without obesity | Periodontitis Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Han 2010 | OR 1.29 [1.20, 1.38] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Obesity (BMI >= 30 kg/m2) | Adults without obesity | Periodontitis | OR 1.31 [1.22, 1.41] Moderate 19 studies · 41110 participants |
| Obesity (BMI >= 30 kg/m2) | Adults without obesity | Periodontitis Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Ekuni 2008 | OR 1.32 [1.23, 1.42] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Obesity (BMI >= 30 kg/m2) | Adults without obesity | Periodontitis Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Al-Zahrani 2003 | OR 1.29 [1.20, 1.38] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Obesity (BMI >= 30 kg/m2) | Adults without obesity | Periodontitis Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting de Castilhos 2012 | OR 1.29 [1.20, 1.38] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Obesity (BMI >= 30 kg/m2) | Adults without obesity | Periodontitis Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Kim 2016 | OR 1.30 [1.21, 1.40] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Obesity (BMI >= 30 kg/m2) | Adults without obesity | Periodontitis Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Jia 2023 | OR 1.26 [1.18, 1.35] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Obesity (BMI >= 30 kg/m2) | Adults without obesity | Periodontitis Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Santos 2019 | OR 1.29 [1.20, 1.38] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Obesity (BMI >= 30 kg/m2) | Adults without obesity | Periodontitis Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Saito 2001 | OR 1.24 [1.16, 1.32] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Obesity (BMI >= 30 kg/m2) | Adults without obesity | Periodontitis Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Li 2022 | OR 1.33 [1.24, 1.43] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Obesity (BMI >= 30 kg/m2) | Adults without obesity | Periodontitis Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Haffajee 2009 | OR 1.29 [1.20, 1.38] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Obesity (BMI >= 30 kg/m2) | Adults without obesity | Periodontitis Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Saxlin 2010 | OR 1.31 [1.22, 1.40] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Obesity (BMI >= 30 kg/m2) | Adults without obesity | Periodontitis Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Liu 2023 | OR 1.67 [1.44, 1.94] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Obesity (BMI >= 30 kg/m2) | Adults without obesity | Periodontitis Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Kumar 2009 | OR 1.28 [1.19, 1.37] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Obesity (BMI >= 30 kg/m2) | Adults without obesity | Periodontitis Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Ekuni 2014 | OR 1.29 [1.21, 1.39] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Obesity (BMI >= 30 kg/m2) | Adults without obesity | Periodontitis Leave-one-out sensitivity: omitting Ikbariyeh 2021 | OR 1.28 [1.20, 1.37] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
Included primary studies 20
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al-Zahrani 2003 Obesity and periodontal disease in young, middle-aged, and older adults. PMID:12816292 | 2003 | 1 other review | Periodontitis | not extracted yet |
| Han 2010 Visceral fat area-defined obesity and periodontitis among Koreans. PMID:20041978 | 2010 | 1 other review | Periodontitis | not extracted yet |
| Kim 2016 Body mass index and oral health status in Korean adults: the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PMID:26842672 | 2017 | 1 other review | Periodontitis | not extracted yet |
| Alsalihi 2021 Prevalence of periodontitis in obese patients in Bahrain: a cross-sectional study. PMID:34303340 | 2021 | this review only | Periodontitis | not extracted yet |
| Benguigui 2012 Evaluation of oral health related to body mass index. PMID:22548413 | 2012 | this review only | Periodontitis | not extracted yet |
| Dalla Vecchia 2005 Overweight and obesity as risk indicators for periodontitis in adults. PMID:16253094 | 2005 | this review only | Periodontitis | not extracted yet |
| de Castilhos 2012 Association between obesity and periodontal disease in young adults: a population-based birth cohort. PMID:22671969 | 2012 | this review only | Periodontitis | not extracted yet |
| Ekuni 2008 Relationship between body mass index and periodontitis in young Japanese adults. PMID:18942190 | 2008 | this review only | Periodontitis | not extracted yet |
| Ekuni 2014 Relationship between increases in BMI and changes in periodontal status: a prospective cohort study. PMID:24813869 | 2014 | this review only | Periodontitis | not extracted yet |
| Haffajee 2009 Relation of body mass index, periodontitis and Tannerella forsythia. PMID:19207883 | 2009 | this review only | Periodontitis | not extracted yet |
| Jia 2023 Association between lipid metabolism and periodontitis in obese patients: a cross-sectional study. PMID:37231396 | 2023 | this review only | Periodontitis | not extracted yet |
| Katagiri 2010 High prevalence of periodontitis in non-elderly obese Japanese adults DOI:10.1016/j.orcp.2010.08.005 | 2010 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Katagiri 2010 High prevalence of periodontitis in non-elderly obese Japanese adults. PMID:24345696 | 2010 | this review only | Periodontitis | not extracted yet |
| Khader 2009 The association between periodontal disease and obesity among adults in Jordan. PMID:19046327 | 2009 | this review only | Periodontitis | not extracted yet |
| Kongstad 2009 The relationship between body mass index and periodontitis in the Copenhagen City Heart Study. PMID:19656024 | 2009 | this review only | Periodontitis | not extracted yet |
| Kumar 2009 Relationship of body mass index with periodontal health status of green marble mine laborers in Kesariyaji, India. PMID:20027441 | 2009 | this review only | Periodontitis | not extracted yet |
| Liu 2023 Association between Obesity and Periodontitis in US Adults: NHANES 2011-2014. PMID:37935140 | 2024 | this review only | Periodontitis | not extracted yet |
| Saito 2001 Relationship between upper body obesity and periodontitis. PMID:11597023 | 2001 | this review only | Periodontitis | not extracted yet |
| Santos 2019 Association Between Severe Periodontitis and Obesity Degree: A Preliminary Study. PMID:30968073 | 2019 | this review only | Periodontitis | not extracted yet |
| Saxlin 2010 Overweight and obesity weakly predict the development of periodontal infection. PMID:20969609 | 2010 | this review only | Periodontitis | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match). Only the non-Cochrane dental reviews have study lists, so overlap with Cochrane reviews is not counted yet.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Adults (>17 years) with obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) | Adults with obesity (n=41,110 across 19 studies; mean age 42 years) |
| Intervention | Obesity (exposure); assessment of periodontitis in patients with obesity | Obesity, BMI >= 30 kg/m2 (15 studies), BMI plus waist circumference (2 studies), BMI plus waist-hip ratio (1 study) |
| Comparison | Patients without obesity | Adults without obesity |
| Outcomes | Periodontitis (association with obesity, reported as odds ratio) | Periodontitis assessed by CAL (5 studies), CAL and PPD (7 studies), CPI (7 studies) |
| Study designs | Cohort, case-control, observational retrospective or longitudinal studies | Mostly cross-sectional studies; 1 prospective cohort (Ekuni 2014); 19 studies |
| Timing | Not specified | Not specified |