Cochrane · intervention · CD003876
Fluoridated milk for preventing dental caries
Yeung, CA, Chong, LY, Glenny, AM · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2015 · Cochrane Library
Full textEvery question was extracted from the full review (methods and results), not only its Summary of Findings table.
Questions
6
current version
GRADE rated
2
No studies
4
Included studies
1
as reported
No studies 4 · 66.7%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 2 · 33.3%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | General population, irrespective of age or level of risk for dental caries | 180 children aged three years randomised; 166 available for analysis (Maslak 2004) |
| Intervention | Fluoridated milk (all concentrations/dosage) | Fluoridated milk 2.5 mg/L, drunk from a cup (n=166) |
| Comparison | Non-fluoridated milk | Non-fluoridated milk (n=166) |
| Outcomes | Primary: changes in caries experience/increment (DMFT/DMFS permanent, dmft/dmfs primary); Adverse effects: dental fluorosis; Secondary: dental pain due to decay; antibiotics due to dental infections; requirement for general anaesthesia for caries | DMFT 3 years (n=1); dmft 3 years (n=1); adverse effects/fluorosis: none reported (n=1); dental pain, antibiotics, general anaesthesia: no evidence found (n=0) |
| Study designs | Parallel RCT (cluster-randomised included; quasi-randomised excluded) | Parallel RCT (n=1, Maslak 2004) |
| Timing | Intervention or follow-up period of at least two years (or an equivalent of two school years) | 3 years follow-up |
Search date: 2014-11. Databases: Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register; CENTRAL; MEDLINE via OVID; EMBASE via OVID
Questions and results
Current version onlyFluoridated milk vs Non-fluoridated milk
Population: General population, irrespective of age or level of risk for dental caries
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Requirement for general anaesthesia due to dental procedures for caries | No evidence found. (No information was reported by the included study.) | 0 studies | No studies |
Adverse effects: dental fluorosis | No evidence found. (Correspondence with the author (Maslak 2004) confirmed that no adverse effects were reported.) | 0 studies | No studies |
Dental pain due to decay | No evidence found. (No information was reported by the included study.) | 0 studies | No studies |
Antibiotics due to dental infections | No evidence found. (No information was reported by the included study.) | 0 studies | No studies |
Caries in primary teeth: dmft (3 years) 3 years | MD -1.14 [-1.86, -0.42] -1.14 [-1.86, -0.42] dmft (mean) | 1 study · 166 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, indirectness |
Caries in permanent teeth: DMFT (3 years) 3 years | MD -0.13 [-0.24, -0.02] -0.13 [-0.24, -0.02] DMFT (mean) | 1 study · 166 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, indirectness |
Fluoridated milk vs Non-fluoridated milk
Population: General population, irrespective of age or level of risk for dental caries
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Caries in permanent teeth: DMFT (3 years) 3 years | MD -0.13 [-0.24, -0.02] -0.13 [-0.24, -0.02] DMFT (mean) | 1 study · 166 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, indirectness |
Requirement for general anaesthesia due to dental procedures for caries | No evidence found. (No information was reported by the included study.) | 0 studies | No studies |
Dental pain due to decay | No evidence found. (No information was reported by the included study.) | 0 studies | No studies |
Caries in primary teeth: dmft (3 years) 3 years | MD -1.14 [-1.86, -0.42] -1.14 [-1.86, -0.42] dmft (mean) | 1 study · 166 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, indirectness |
Adverse effects: dental fluorosis | No evidence found. (Correspondence with the author (Maslak 2004) confirmed that no adverse effects were reported.) | 0 studies | No studies |
Antibiotics due to dental infections | No evidence found. (No information was reported by the included study.) | 0 studies | No studies |
Fluoridated milk (all concentrations/dosage) vs Non-fluoridated milk
Population: General population, irrespective of age or level of risk for dental caries
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Antibiotics due to dental infections | Planned secondary outcome (use of antibiotics); not reported by the included studies. | 0 studies | No studies |
Requirement for general anaesthesia due to dental procedures for caries | Planned secondary outcome (use of general anaesthesia); not reported by the included studies. | 0 studies | No studies |
Caries in permanent teeth: DMFT (5 years) 5 years | Stephen 1984: mean DMFT and DMFS always favoured the test group; a significant DMFT reduction was reached only by the fourth (35.5%, P < 0.02) and fifth (31.2%, P < 0.05) years, with a mean DMFS reduction of 43.1% (P <… | 1 study · 106 participants | Ungraded |
Caries in permanent teeth: DMFT (3 years) 3 years | After 3 years there was a significant reduction in DMFT (78.4%, P < 0.05) between test and control in one trial (Maslak 2004), but not in the other (Stephen 1984). Results could not be pooled owing to the difference in… | 2 studies · 353 participants | Ungraded |
Dental pain due to decay | Planned secondary outcome (episodes of pain); not reported by the included studies. | 0 studies | No studies |
Adverse effects: dental fluorosis | Correspondence with the authors (Maslak 2004; Stephen 1984) confirmed that no adverse effect was reported; dental fluorosis was not systematically assessed, so no estimable evidence. | 0 studies | No studies |
Caries in primary teeth: dmft (3 years) 3 years | After 3 years there was a significant reduction in dmft (31.3%, P < 0.05) between test and control in one trial (Maslak 2004). In Stephen 1984 no significant differences were found in the modified dmft/dmfs indices at… | 1 study · 166 participants | Ungraded |
Fluoridated milk (all concentrations/dosage) vs Non-fluoridated milk
Population: Children or adolescents aged 12 years or less at the start of the study
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Outcome NR | Protocol only (2002): no studies yet included. Planned comparison of fluoridated milk versus non-fluoridated milk for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. | 0 studies | No studies |