Same question across reviews · CL0204

intervention :: Nutritional supplement -> Other outcome

ProposalThis cluster groups questions by review type, intervention category and outcome domain. It is a proposal pending human validation, so questions in it may differ in population, comparator or timing.
Reviews
13
Questions
104
current versions
GRADE rated
33
Review overlap (CCA)
0.007
over all included studies of these reviews, not this question only
QuestionEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
Calcium vs Control
Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · permanent human teeth with artificial caries-affected dentin · 24 h, Etch-and-Rinse; chemical ACAD
Biomimetic Remineralization Strategies for Dentin Bond Stability-Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. (2025)
MD -0.508 [-8.207, 7.191]3 studiesVery low
Hydraulic calcium silicate cements (HCSC; MTA or Biodentine) vs Calcium hydroxide (CaOH)
Clinical and radiographic success · Vital permanent teeth (mature or immature) with deep or extremely deep caries and asymptomatic pulp or reversible… · 36 months, 36-month follow-up
Effectiveness of calcium hydroxide compared to hydraulic calcium silicate cements for direct pulp capping in… (2025)
OR 2.34 [1.43, 3.84]2 studies · 379 participantsUngraded
Partial pulpotomy with tri-calcium silicate material (MTA or Biodentine) vs No comparator
Clinical and radiographic success rate · Adults aged 18 years or older with mature permanent teeth and carious pulp exposure · At least 1 year, MTA or Biodentine
Partial pulpotomy for carious pulp exposure in adult mature permanent teeth: a systematic review and… (2025)
Success rate (%) 86.8 [83.78, 89.82]NRUngraded
Hydraulic calcium silicate cements (HCSC; MTA or Biodentine) vs Calcium hydroxide (CaOH)
Clinical and radiographic success · Vital permanent teeth (mature or immature) with deep or extremely deep caries and asymptomatic pulp or reversible… · 12 months, 12-month follow-up
Effectiveness of calcium hydroxide compared to hydraulic calcium silicate cements for direct pulp capping in… (2025)
OR 4.44 [1.63, 12.07]3 studies · 174 participantsUngraded
Calcium phosphate vs Fluorine
Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · permanent human teeth with artificial caries-affected dentin · 24 h, Etch-and-Rinse; chemical ACAD
Biomimetic Remineralization Strategies for Dentin Bond Stability-Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. (2025)
MD -1.224 [-5.931, 3.482]1 studyLow
Calcium-based agent vs Fluoride agent (e.g., NaF/SDF/KF/CaF2)
Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · Artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) in extracted permanent human teeth (in vitro) · 24 h (immediate), Self-Etch + chemical ACAD
Biomimetic Remineralization Strategies for Dentin Bond Stability-Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. (2025)
MD -0.523 [-5.404, 4.358]3 studiesLow
Partial pulpotomy with calcium hydroxide vs No comparator
Clinical and radiographic success rate · Adults aged 18 years or older with mature permanent teeth and carious pulp exposure · At least 1 year, Calcium hydroxide
Partial pulpotomy for carious pulp exposure in adult mature permanent teeth: a systematic review and… (2025)
Success rate (%) 34.3 [24.93, 43.67]NRUngraded
Calcium phosphate vs Control
Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · permanent human teeth with artificial caries-affected dentin · 24 h, Etch-and-Rinse; biological ACAD
Biomimetic Remineralization Strategies for Dentin Bond Stability-Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. (2025)
MD -21.209 [-25.954, -16.463]2 studiesModerate
Hydraulic calcium silicate cements (HCSC; MTA or Biodentine) vs Calcium hydroxide (CaOH)
Clinical and radiographic success · Vital permanent teeth (mature or immature) with deep or extremely deep caries and asymptomatic pulp or reversible… · >=12 months
Effectiveness of calcium hydroxide compared to hydraulic calcium silicate cements for direct pulp capping in… (2025)
OR 2.68 [1.7, 4.22]5 studies · 552 participantsModerate
Calcium vs Fluorine
Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · permanent human teeth with artificial caries-affected dentin · 24 h, Etch-and-Rinse; chemical ACAD
Biomimetic Remineralization Strategies for Dentin Bond Stability-Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. (2025)
MD -0.628 [-8.504, 7.248]4 studiesModerate
Partial pulpotomy (PP) with calcium hydroxide vs Direct pulp capping (DPC) with calcium hydroxide
Clinical and radiographic success rate · Adults (>=18 y) with mature permanent teeth, carious exposure and normal/reversibly inflamed pulp · 1 year
Partial pulpotomy for carious pulp exposure in adult mature permanent teeth: a systematic review and… (2025)
Success rate (%) 34.5 vs 31.81 study · 51 participantsUngraded
Partial pulpotomy (PP) with calcium hydroxide vs Direct pulp capping (DPC) with calcium hydroxide
Clinical and radiographic success rate · Adults (>=18 y) with mature permanent teeth, carious exposure and normal/reversibly inflamed pulp · 5 years
Partial pulpotomy for carious pulp exposure in adult mature permanent teeth: a systematic review and… (2025)
Success rate (%) 11.1 vs 5.91 study · 44 participantsUngraded
Partial pulpotomy with tri-calcium silicate material (MTA or Biodentine) vs Partial pulpotomy with calcium hydroxide (CH)
Clinical and radiographic success rate · Adults (>=18 y) with mature permanent teeth and carious pulp exposure (irreversible pulpitis or normal/reversible) · >=1 year (subgroups at 1, 2, 5 years), Capping material (tri-calcium silicate vs calcium hydroxide)
Partial pulpotomy for carious pulp exposure in adult mature permanent teeth: a systematic review and… (2025)
MD 52.5NRUngraded
Partial pulpotomy with tri-calcium silicate material vs Partial pulpotomy with calcium hydroxide
Clinical and radiographic success rate · Adults aged 18 years or older with mature permanent teeth and carious pulp exposure · Meta-regression
Partial pulpotomy for carious pulp exposure in adult mature permanent teeth: a systematic review and… (2025)
Meta-regression effect (%) 37NRUngraded
Calcium phosphate vs Control
Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · permanent human teeth with artificial caries-affected dentin · 24 h, Etch-and-Rinse; chemical ACAD
Biomimetic Remineralization Strategies for Dentin Bond Stability-Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. (2025)
MD -1.105 [-4.828, 2.619]1 studyLow
Calcium-based agent vs No biomimetic remineralization (control)
Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · Artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) in extracted permanent human teeth (in vitro) · 24 h (immediate), Self-Etch + chemical ACAD
Biomimetic Remineralization Strategies for Dentin Bond Stability-Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. (2025)
MD -1.124 [-5.917, 3.670]2 studiesModerate
High-dose vitamin D3 supplementation during pregnancy (2400 IU/day from pregnancy week 24 to 1 week postpartum, in addition to the recommended 400 IU/day) vs Low-dose (standard) vitamin D supplementation as recommended in national pregnancy guidelines
Caries presence in primary teeth · For interventions, pregnant women, mothers or other caregivers of infants in the first year of life; for outcomes,… · Children assessed at 6 yrs
Interventions with pregnant women, new mothers and other primary caregivers for preventing early childhood… (2024) · Cochrane
RR 0.99 [0.70, 1.41]1 study · 496 participantsVery low
Calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) vs Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)
Clinical and radiographic success (composite) · Patients with carious pulp exposure in permanent teeth undergoing pulpotomy · ≥6 months follow-up
Comparative efficacy of materials used in patients undergoing pulpotomy or direct pulp capping in carious… (2023)
CEM vs MTA was investigated in 2 RCTs (Asgary 2017; Nosrat 2013) for the primary outcome; not pooled owing to heterogeneity. The per-trial forest plots (Figure 8) indicated MTA performed comparably to CEM. Weak evidence.2 studiesUngraded
Calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)
Dentin bridge formation · Patients with carious pulp exposure in permanent teeth undergoing partial pulpotomy · ≥6 months follow-up
Comparative efficacy of materials used in patients undergoing pulpotomy or direct pulp capping in carious… (2023)
Four RCTs compared CH with MTA for dentin bridge formation (all used partial pulpotomy; all at low risk of bias except Qudeimat 2007). Apart from Wei 2010, trials yielded implausibly large ORs with very wide 95% CIs;…4 studiesUngraded
Calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)
Clinical and radiographic success (composite) · Patients with carious pulp exposure in immature permanent teeth · ≥6 months; follow-up range 1-2 years, Root maturation: immature
Comparative efficacy of materials used in patients undergoing pulpotomy or direct pulp capping in carious… (2023)
OR 2.22 [0.13, 36.67]2 studies · 106 participantsVery low
Calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)
Clinical and radiographic success (composite) · Patients with carious pulp exposure in permanent teeth undergoing direct pulp capping (DPC) · ≥6 months; follow-up range 1-3 years, Treatment performed: DPC
Comparative efficacy of materials used in patients undergoing pulpotomy or direct pulp capping in carious… (2023)
OR 3.10 [1.66, 5.79]4 studies · 559 participantsModerate
Calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)
Clinical and radiographic success (composite) · Patients with carious pulp exposure in permanent teeth of mixed/unspecified root maturation · ≥6 months; follow-up range 1-2 years, Root maturation: mixed
Comparative efficacy of materials used in patients undergoing pulpotomy or direct pulp capping in carious… (2023)
OR 1.11 [0.17, 7.11]3 studies · 257 participantsVery low
Calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)
Clinical and radiographic success (composite) · Patients with carious pulp exposure in permanent teeth undergoing pulpotomy (partial or full) · ≥6 months; follow-up range 1-2 years, Treatment performed: pulpotomy (FP/PP)
Comparative efficacy of materials used in patients undergoing pulpotomy or direct pulp capping in carious… (2023)
OR 2.36 [0.47, 11.75]6 studies · 341 participantsLow
Calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Biodentine
Clinical and radiographic success (composite) · Patients with carious pulp exposure in permanent teeth undergoing DPC or pulpotomy · ≥6 months follow-up
Comparative efficacy of materials used in patients undergoing pulpotomy or direct pulp capping in carious… (2023)
CH vs Biodentine was investigated in 2 RCTs for the primary outcome; not pooled. Biodentine appeared to perform better than CH (and than Theracal) in the per-trial forest plots (Figure 8). Weak evidence.2 studiesUngraded
Calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)
Clinical and radiographic success (composite) · Patients with carious pulp exposure in mature permanent teeth · ≥6 months; follow-up range 1-3 years, Root maturation: mature
Comparative efficacy of materials used in patients undergoing pulpotomy or direct pulp capping in carious… (2023)
OR 3.34 [1.81, 6.17]5 studies · 537 participantsModerate
Calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)
Clinical and radiographic success (composite) · Patients with carious pulp exposure in permanent teeth undergoing DPC or pulpotomy (all treatment types and… · ≥6 months; follow-up range 1-3 years, Unadjusted (all CH vs MTA studies)
Comparative efficacy of materials used in patients undergoing pulpotomy or direct pulp capping in carious… (2023)
OR 2.94 [1.93, 4.49]10 studies · 900 participantsLow
Calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)
Continued root formation / root development · Patients with carious pulp exposure in permanent teeth (predominantly immature) undergoing DPC or pulpotomy · ≥6 months follow-up
Comparative efficacy of materials used in patients undergoing pulpotomy or direct pulp capping in carious… (2023)
CH vs MTA was the only informative comparison for root development (3 RCTs); estimates had implausibly wide 95% CIs, all including no difference, and two trials gave contradictory results (Qudeimat 2007 favored CH, OR…3 studiesUngraded
Pulpotomy with Calcium Enriched Mixture (CEM) vs Pulpotomy with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)
Clinical and radiographic success rate (>=6 months) · Human permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis due to carious pulp exposure · >=6 months, Pulp capping material: CEM vs calcium hydroxide
Outcome of pulpotomy in permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2022)
No significant difference was observed between CEM and calcium hydroxide (indirect comparison; Supplementary Table S5, not available).NRUngraded
Metapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) vs Endoflas chlorophenol free (Endoflas-CF)
Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 6 and 12 months
Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane
RR 1.33 [0.35, 5.03]1 study · 32 participantsUngraded
Calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Formocresol (FC)
Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months
Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane
RR 1.86 [1.42, 2.44]6 studies · 332 participantsModerate
Glutaraldehyde + calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Glutaraldehyde + zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE)
Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months
Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane
RR 1.11 [0.46, 2.67]1 study · 61 participantsUngraded
Glutaraldehyde + calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Full strength formocresol (FC)
Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 3 months
Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane
RR 1.10 [0.17, 7.10]1 study · 44 participantsUngraded
Vitapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) vs RC Fill
Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months
Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane
RR 2.00 [0.65, 6.15]1 study · 86 participantsUngraded
Calcium hydroxide/iodoform (CH/iodoform) vs Full strength formocresol (FC)
Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months
Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane
RR 9.11 [3.04, 27.31]1 study · 67 participantsUngraded
Glutaraldehyde + calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Full strength formocresol (FC)
Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 3 months
Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane
RR 1.10 [0.31, 3.84]1 study · 44 participantsUngraded
Sealapex (eugenol-free calcium hydroxide) vs Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE)
Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 6 and 12 months
Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane
RR 5.00 [0.26, 98.00]1 study · 40 participantsUngraded
Calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Formocresol (FC)
Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 24 months
Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane
RR 3.83 [1.68, 8.74]1 study · 120 participantsLow
Metapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) vs Endoflas (CH + ZOE + iodoform)
Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 6 months
Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane
RR 2.02 [0.79, 5.15]2 studies · 92 participantsUngraded
Glutaraldehyde + calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Glutaraldehyde + zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE)
Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months
Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane
RR 2.90 [0.32, 26.38]1 study · 61 participantsUngraded
Calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Ferric sulphate (FS)
Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months
Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane
RR 1.28 [0.53, 3.13]2 studies · 122 participantsLow
Vitapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) vs Calcium hydroxide (CH)
Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 6 and 12 months
Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane
RR 0.11 [0.01, 1.94]1 study · 40 participantsUngraded
Calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Formocresol (FC)
Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months
Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane
RR 1.87 [1.22, 2.89]6 studies · 332 participantsModerate
Calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Ferric sulphate (FS)
Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months
Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane
RR 3.41 [0.37, 31.61]2 studies · 122 participantsLow
Calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Portland cement (PC)
Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 and 24 months
Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane
RR 13.00 [0.80, 212.02]1 study · 30 participantsUngraded
Calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) + sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)
Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months
Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane
RR 3.00 [0.13, 70.92]1 study · 62 participantsUngraded
Metapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) vs Zinc oxide and propolis (ZOP)
Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months
Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane
RR 2.00 [0.20, 19.91]1 study · 32 participantsUngraded
Calcium hydroxide cement (Dycal) vs Calcium sulphate hemihydrate (DentoGen)
Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months
Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane
RR 4.00 [0.49, 32.72]1 study · 40 participantsVery low
Calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Portland cement (PC)
Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months
Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane
RR 17.00 [1.07, 270.41]1 study · 30 participantsUngraded
Vitapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) vs 3Mix (ciprofloxacin + metronidazole + minocycline)
Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months
Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane
RR 1.83 [0.80, 4.19]1 study · 50 participantsUngraded
Metapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) vs Endoflas chlorophenol free (Endoflas-CF)
Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months
Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane
RR 1.00 [0.16, 6.25]1 study · 32 participantsUngraded

All 104 questions, with filters