Any adverse effects of vitamin supplementation sufficient to stop supplementation · pregnant women
Vitamin C and vitamin E showed no clear difference in any adverse effects of vitamin supplementation sufficient to stop… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Cancer occurrence in trials using vitamin D₃ (cholecalciferol) · healthy participants or recruited among the general population; individuals diagnosed with a specific disease in a stable phase or with…
Vitamin D showed no clear difference in cancer occurrence in trials using vitamin D₃ (cholecalciferol) compared with placebo or no intervention (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Cancer mortality in trials using vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) ( · healthy participants or recruited among the general population; individuals diagnosed with a specific disease in a stable phase or with…
Vitamin D may leads to lower cancer mortality in trials using vitamin D₃(cholecalciferol) compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events ‐ Nephrolithiasis in trials using vitamin D3 combined with calcium · healthy participants or recruited among the general population; individuals diagnosed with a specific disease in a stable phase or with…
Vitamin D may leads to higher adverse events: nephrolithiasis in trials using vitamin… compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Incidence of pneumonia Defined as patient admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of pneumonia Dose: 2 g per day · school‐aged children (6 to 15 years) and marine corps recruits (mean age 18.5 years)
It is very uncertain whether vitamin C changes incidence of pneumonia Defined as patient admitted to hospital with… compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Prevalance of pneumonia · school‐aged children (6 to 15 years) and marine corps recruits (mean age 18.5 years)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Mortality (pneumonia-associated) · school‐aged children (6 to 15 years) and marine corps recruits (mean age 18.5 years)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adverse effects (urticaria) Defined as participants reporting urticaria (hives) Dose: 2 g per day · school‐aged children (6 to 15 years) and marine corps recruits (mean age 18.5 years)
It is very uncertain whether vitamin C changes adverse effects (urticaria) Defined as participants reporting… compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Duration of illness · children under 5 years of age
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Clinical cure · children under 5 years of age
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Mortality (pneumonia-associated) · children under 5 years of age
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adverse effects · children under 5 years of age
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Any AMD · general population
Vitamin C showed no clear difference in any AMD compared with placebo (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Progression to late AMD (neovascular AMD, geographic atrophy or both) · general population
Vitamin C showed no clear difference in late AMD (either neovascular AMD or geographic atrophy or both) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Neovascular AMD · general population
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Geographic atrophy · general population
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Quality of life · general population
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adverse effects · general population
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Resource use and costs · general population
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Vitamin D insufficiency: 25‐OH vitamin D < 50 nmol/L · term breastfed infants to prevent vitamin D deficiency and improve bone health
It is very uncertain whether vitamin D given to infants changes vitamin D insufficiency: 25‐OH vitamin D < 50 nmol/L compared with vitamin D given to lactating mothers (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review