Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

11 questions · 13 findings · 3 reviews · Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 4 · 30.8%Low 8 · 61.5%Moderate 1 · 7.7%High 0 · 0%

Cognitive‐behavioural intervention vs unspecific control

ADHD symptoms · adults with ADHD (available evidence for participants aged between 25 to 53 years old)

2 findings from 1 review

Cognitive‐behavioural interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 81 participants
Low
Cognitive‐behavioural interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 126 participants
Very low

Cognitive‐behavioural intervention vs unspecific control

ADHD symptoms: self‐reported Assessed by: various scales · adults with ADHD (available evidence for participants aged between 25 to 53 years old)

2 findings from 1 review

Cognitive‐behavioural interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 122 participants
Low
Cognitive‐behavioural interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 251 participants
Moderate

Cognitive‐behavioural therapy plus pharmacotherapy vs pharmacotherapy alone

ADHD symptom severity: clinician rated · adults with ADHD (available evidence for participants aged between 25 to 53 years old)

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive‐behavioural interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 65 participants
Very low

CBT vs non‐pharmacological intervention

ADHD symptom severity: clinician rated · adults with ADHD (available evidence for participants aged between 25 to 53 years old)

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive‐behavioural interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 97 participants
Low

CBT vs non‐pharmacological intervention

ADHD symptoms: self‐reported Assessed by: various scales · adults with ADHD (available evidence for participants aged between 25 to 53 years old)

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive‐behavioural interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 156 participants
Low

Donepezil vs placebo

Behavioural problems: overall · people with Down syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for cognitive decline in people with Down syndrome 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 157 participants
Low

Memantine vs placebo

Secondary outcome measure: cognitive abilities at the end of · people with Down syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for cognitive decline in people with Down syndrome 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 184 participants
Low

Memantine vs placebo

Behavioural problems: overall · people with Down syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for cognitive decline in people with Down syndrome 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 186 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Symptom Level: Communication Various measures, including: Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) Conversation Skills Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) (level of eye‐contact) · People with autism spectrum disorder

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions based on the Theory of Mind cognitive model for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
17 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Symptom Level: Social Interaction Various measures, including: Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) Communication and Symbolic Behaviour Scale (CSBS) Early Social Communication Scales (ESCS) PDD‐BI social approach subscale Precursors of J... · People with autism spectrum disorder

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions based on the Theory of Mind cognitive model for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
17 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Theory of Mind ability Various measures, including: False‐belief tasks Happe's Strange Stories Faux‐Pas Recognition Test NEPSY‐II ToM tasks The ToM Test · People with autism spectrum disorder

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions based on the Theory of Mind cognitive model for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
27 participants
Very low