Admission to neonatal or intensive care nursery · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy
Any antihypertensive drug showed no clear difference in admission to neonatal or intensive care nursery compared with no antihypertensive drugs/placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Severe hypertension · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy
Any antihypertensive drug probably leads to lower severe hypertension compared with no antihypertensive drugs/placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Relief of pain · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains.
It is very uncertain whether TENS changes adequate pain relief as reported by the woman (during next breast… compared with no TENS (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Additional analgesia required (escape analgesia) · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains.
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Maternal adverse events · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
32 participants
GRADE not reported
Neonatal adverse events · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains.
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Length of hospital stay · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains.
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Any breastfeeding at hospital discharge · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains.
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Any breastfeeding at 6 weeks postpartum · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains.
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Maternal · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
2 findings from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Severe pre‐eclampsia · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy
It is very uncertain whether any antihypertensive drug changes severe pre‐eclampsia compared with no antihypertensive drugs/placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Eclampsia · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy
It is very uncertain whether any antihypertensive drug changes eclampsia compared with no antihypertensive drugs/placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Changed/stopped drugs due to maternal side‐effects · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy
Any antihypertensive drug showed no clear difference in changed/stopped drugs due to maternal side‐effects compared with no antihypertensive drugs/placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Elective delivery (induction of labour + elective caesarean section) · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy
Any antihypertensive drug showed no clear difference in elective delivery (induction of labour + elective caesarean section) compared with no antihypertensive drugs/placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Fetal/neonatal/infant · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
2 findings from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Proteinuria/pre‐eclampsia · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy
Any antihypertensive drug showed no clear difference in proteinuria/pre‐eclampsia compared with no antihypertensive drugs/placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Total reported fetal or neonatal deaths (including miscarriage) · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy
Any antihypertensive drug showed no clear difference in total reported fetal or neonatal deaths (including miscarriage) compared with no antihypertensive drugs/placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Small‐for‐gestational age · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy
Any antihypertensive drug showed no clear difference in small‐for‐gestational age compared with no antihypertensive drugs/placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Preterm birth · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy
Any antihypertensive drug showed no clear difference in preterm birth (< 37 weeks) compared with no antihypertensive drugs/placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Maternal death · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy
It is very uncertain whether any antihypertensive drug changes maternal death compared with no antihypertensive drugs/placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review