Cosmetic deformity measured as presence of cubitus varus · children with displaced fractures
It is very uncertain whether surgical fixation changes cosmetic deformity measured as presence of cubitus varus compared with non‐surgical immobilisation (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.2 [0.04, 1.09]
Studies not reported
Very low
Functional outcomes · children with displaced fractures
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Treatment failure requiring re‐intervention · children with displaced fractures
It is very uncertain whether surgical fixation changes treatment failure requiring re‐intervention compared with non‐surgical immobilisation (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.87]
Studies not reported
Very low
Nerve injury · children with displaced fractures
It is very uncertain whether surgical fixation changes nerve injury compared with non‐surgical immobilisation (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 2.5 [0.5, 12.46]
Studies not reported
Very low
Major complications Pin site infections. · children with displaced fractures
It is very uncertain whether surgical fixation changes major complications Pin site infections. compared with non‐surgical immobilisation (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 4 [0.47, 34.11]
Studies not reported
Very low
Treatment failure (participants who have a non‐routine secondary surgical intervention) ‐ Overall treatment failure · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
It is very uncertain whether intramedullary fixation changes treatment failure (participants who have a non‐routine secondary… compared with open reduction and internal fixation with plate (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of Life: SF‐36 scale from 0 to 100 (higher scores = better outcome) · adults with tibial plateau fracture (Schatzker types V or VI)
1 finding from 1 review
Function Standardised scale with positive score indicating a better outcome. Scale from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). · adults with tibial plateau fracture (Schatzker types V or VI)
1 finding from 1 review
Physical function · adults with tibial plateau fracture (Schatzker types V or VI)
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse eventse · adults with tibial plateau fracture (Schatzker types V or VI)
It is very uncertain whether circular external fixation with limited internal fixation (hybrid… changes adverse eventse compared with standard open reduction internal fixation (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
WOMAC Pain subscale from 0 to 100c (higher scores indicating greater function) · adults with tibial plateau fracture (Schatzker types V or VI)
1 finding from 1 review
Knee total range of motion (degrees) · adults with tibial plateau fracture (Schatzker types V or VI)
1 finding from 1 review
Return to activity · adults with tibial plateau fracture (Schatzker types V or VI)
It is very uncertain whether circular external fixation with limited internal fixation (hybrid… changes return to pre‐injury activity level compared with standard open reduction internal fixation (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Function (overall) Various tools · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
Intramedullary fixation may leads to higher function or disability (overall) Various tools (Constant score and… compared with open reduction and internal fixation with plate (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pain ‐ using the section of Constant score Scale from 0 to 15; with 15 being the best positive score · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
It is very uncertain whether intramedullary fixation changes pain ‐ using the section of Constant score Scale from 0 to 15; with… compared with open reduction and internal fixation with plate (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical healing ‐ time to clinical/radiographic fracture consolidation (weeks) · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
It is very uncertain whether intramedullary fixation changes clinical healing ‐ time to clinical/radiographic fracture… compared with open reduction and internal fixation with plate (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events ‐ total of adverse events (various: mainly infection; cosmetic result ‐ e.g. prominent metalwork ‐ and symptomatic hardware) · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
It is very uncertain whether intramedullary fixation changes adverse events ‐ total of adverse events (various: mainly infection;… compared with open reduction and internal fixation with plate (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life ‐ not measured · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Return to previous activities ‐ not measured · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Functional assessment using a patient reported outcome measure: · adults with olecranon fractures
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found