Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

32 questions · 44 findings · 6 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 22 · 50%GRADE not reported 1 · 2.3%Very low 2 · 4.5%Low 19 · 43.2%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Specific technique vs standard techniques

Incidence of STP at 24 hours post‐operatively · women undergoing a diagnostic or operative laparoscopic gynaecological procedure

Specific technique showed no clear difference in incidence of STP at 24 hours post‐operatively compared with standard technique (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce shoulder pain following gynaecological laparoscopic procedures 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.87 [0.41, 1.82]
1 study · 118 participants
Low

Specific technique vs standard techniques

Severity of STP at 24 hours post‐operatively · women undergoing a diagnostic or operative laparoscopic gynaecological procedure

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce shoulder pain following gynaecological laparoscopic procedures 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 670 participants
Low

Specific technique vs standard techniques

Adverse events · women undergoing a diagnostic or operative laparoscopic gynaecological procedure

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce shoulder pain following gynaecological laparoscopic procedures 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 74 participants
GRADE not reported

Specific technique vs standard techniques

Analgesia usage · women undergoing a diagnostic or operative laparoscopic gynaecological procedure

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce shoulder pain following gynaecological laparoscopic procedures 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 570 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Specific communication techniques Different scales used by different studies, some dichotomous outcomes Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students

The intervention may leads to lower specific communication techniques Different scales used by different… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving medical students' interpersonal communication in medical consultations 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 371 participants
Low

Bioengineered devices vs standard techniques

Specific serious adverse events: further surgery (device removal or revision)i assessed as: any unplanned secondary surgery to remove device · people undergoing peripheral nerve repair of the upper limb

It is very uncertain whether bioengineered devices changes specific serious adverse events: further surgery (device removal or… compared with standard techniques (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bioengineered nerve conduits and wraps for peripheral nerve repair of the upper limb 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 7.61 [1.48, 39.02]
5 studies · 256 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) disease‐specific HRQOL · people with bronchiectasis

The intervention showed no clear difference in health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) disease‐specific HRQOL (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Positive expiratory pressure therapy versus other airway clearance techniques for bronchiectasis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
17 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Health‐related quality of life (disease‐specific) Scale from 0 to 100; lower score indicates better HRQoL. SGRQ total score consists of weighted scores from 3 domains · individuals with stable bronchiectasis

1 finding from 1 review

Airway clearance techniques for bronchiectasis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Health‐related quality of life (cough‐specific) Leicester Cough Questionnaire Scale from 0 to 133; higher score indicates better HRQoL. Contains 19 questions from 3 domains on a Likert scale · individuals with stable bronchiectasis

1 finding from 1 review

Airway clearance techniques for bronchiectasis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Low

MET plus any intervention vs other therapies plus that intervention

Pain A 0 t o 100 visual or numerical scale, where 0 equals no pain at all and 100 is the worst pain imaginable · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP)

1 finding from 1 review

Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 232 participants
Low

MET vs sham MET

CI: Confidence interval · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

MET vs all other therapies

Pain A 0 t o 100 visual or numerical scale, where 0 equals no pain at all and 100 is the worst pain imaginable · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP)

1 finding from 1 review

Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 88 participants
Very low

MET vs all other therapies

Disability long term Oswestry; 100‐point scale where 0 equals no disability and 100 is seriously disabled. · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP)

1 finding from 1 review

Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
Low

MET vs all other therapies

General well‐being · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

MET vs all other therapies

Adverse events · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

MET vs all other therapies

CI: Confidence interval · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

MET vs all other therapies

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP)

1 finding from 1 review

Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 30 participants
Low

MET vs all other therapies

Functional ability · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP)

1 finding from 1 review

Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 30 participants
Low

MET plus any intervention vs other therapies plus that intervention

Functional ability · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP)

2 findings from 1 review

Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 232 participants
Low
Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
Low

MET plus any intervention vs the intervention alone

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP)

2 findings from 1 review

Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 40 participants
Low
Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 30 participants
Low