Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

5 questions · 17 findings · 3 reviews

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 16 · 94.1%Very low 0 · 0%Low 1 · 5.9%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Breastfeeding for more than 24 months vs Not breastfed at the same age or breastfed for a shorter duration

Early childhood caries (ECC) - incidence/risk · Children with exclusively primary dentition (age ≤71 months)

Breastfeeding beyond 24 months is associated with an increased risk (incidence) of early childhood caries versus not breastfeeding at the same age (RR 2.44, 95% CI 1.97 to 3.02; low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risk of Early Childhood Dental Caries Associated With Prolonged Breastfeeding: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 2025 All outcomes
Up to 71 months of age (study follow-up 1-9 years) · Population/community-based birth and childhood cohort studies; multiple countries (mostly Brazil and Japan; also Thailand, Scotland, Uganda, Spain, Australia, Myanmar, USA, Netherlands, Norway) · More than 24 months
RR 2.44 [1.97, 3.02]
2 studies
Low

Partial pulpotomy with one-unit longer follow-up vs Partial pulpotomy with one-unit shorter follow-up

Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Adults aged 18 years or older with mature permanent teeth and carious pulp exposure

In the high-risk-study-excluded sensitivity meta-regression, longer follow-up was associated with lower success.

1 finding from 1 review

Partial pulpotomy for carious pulp exposure in adult mature permanent teeth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2025 All outcomes
Per unit increase in follow-up time · Sensitivity analysis excluding studies with high risk of bias
Meta-regression coefficient -0.36
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported

Longer follow-up vs Shorter follow-up

Annual increment in DMFS (D3) · Children and adolescents with permanent dentition

Not adjusted meta-regression beta was 0.43 per additional follow-up year.

5 findings from 1 review

Caries Progression Rates Revisited: A Systematic Review. 2019 All outcomes
Per additional year of follow-up · Western or comparable populations · Not adjusted
Meta-regression beta per year of follow-up 0.43 [0.04, 0.83]
22 studies · 11300 participants
GRADE not reported
Caries Progression Rates Revisited: A Systematic Review. 2019 All outcomes
Per additional year of follow-up · Western or comparable populations · Adjusted for bitewings and age at baseline
Meta-regression beta per year of follow-up 0.64 [0.31, 0.96]
22 studies · 11300 participants
GRADE not reported
Caries Progression Rates Revisited: A Systematic Review. 2019 All outcomes
Per additional year of follow-up · Western or comparable populations · Adjusted for bitewings age at baseline and baseline caries experience
Meta-regression beta per year of follow-up 0.37 [0.04, 0.70]
22 studies · 11300 participants
GRADE not reported

Show 2 more findings

Caries Progression Rates Revisited: A Systematic Review. 2019 All outcomes
Per additional year of follow-up · Western or comparable populations · Adjusted for groups 1-4 including relevance of evidence and risk of bias
Meta-regression beta per year of follow-up 0.46 [0.08, 0.83]
22 studies · 11300 participants
GRADE not reported
Caries Progression Rates Revisited: A Systematic Review. 2019 All outcomes
Per additional year of follow-up · Western or comparable populations · Adjusted for groups 1-3 including decade and preventive intervention
Meta-regression beta per year of follow-up 0.36 [-0.02, 0.73]
22 studies · 11300 participants
GRADE not reported

Longer follow-up vs Shorter follow-up

Annual increment in DMFT (D3) · Children and adolescents with permanent dentition

Not adjusted meta-regression beta was 0.18 per additional follow-up year.

5 findings from 1 review

Caries Progression Rates Revisited: A Systematic Review. 2019 All outcomes
Per additional year of follow-up · Western or comparable populations · Not adjusted
Meta-regression beta per year of follow-up 0.18 [-0.04, 0.40]
13 studies · 24753 participants
GRADE not reported
Caries Progression Rates Revisited: A Systematic Review. 2019 All outcomes
Per additional year of follow-up · Western or comparable populations · Adjusted for bitewings and age at baseline
Meta-regression beta per year of follow-up 0.18 [0.02, 0.35]
13 studies · 24753 participants
GRADE not reported
Caries Progression Rates Revisited: A Systematic Review. 2019 All outcomes
Per additional year of follow-up · Western or comparable populations · Adjusted for bitewings age at baseline and baseline caries experience
Meta-regression beta per year of follow-up 0.23 [0.06, 0.40]
13 studies · 24753 participants
GRADE not reported

Show 2 more findings

Caries Progression Rates Revisited: A Systematic Review. 2019 All outcomes
Per additional year of follow-up · Western or comparable populations · Adjusted for groups 1-4 including relevance of evidence and risk of bias
Meta-regression beta per year of follow-up -0.04 [-0.34, 0.26]
13 studies · 24753 participants
GRADE not reported
Caries Progression Rates Revisited: A Systematic Review. 2019 All outcomes
Per additional year of follow-up · Western or comparable populations · Adjusted for groups 1-3 including decade and preventive intervention
Meta-regression beta per year of follow-up 0.07 [-0.24, 0.39]
13 studies · 24753 participants
GRADE not reported

Longer follow-up vs Shorter follow-up

Caries incidence rate per person-year at risk (D3) · Children and adolescents with permanent dentition

Adjusted for groups 1-4 including relevance of evidence and risk of bias meta-regression beta was -0.02 per additional follow-up year.

5 findings from 1 review

Caries Progression Rates Revisited: A Systematic Review. 2019 All outcomes
Per additional year of follow-up · Western or comparable populations · Adjusted for groups 1-4 including relevance of evidence and risk of bias
Meta-regression beta per year of follow-up -0.02 [-0.05, 0.01]
15 studies · 10768 participants
GRADE not reported
Caries Progression Rates Revisited: A Systematic Review. 2019 All outcomes
Per additional year of follow-up · Western or comparable populations · Adjusted for bitewings age at baseline and baseline caries experience
Meta-regression beta per year of follow-up 0.00 [-0.00, 0.01]
15 studies · 10768 participants
GRADE not reported
Caries Progression Rates Revisited: A Systematic Review. 2019 All outcomes
Per additional year of follow-up · Western or comparable populations · Adjusted for bitewings and age at baseline
Meta-regression beta per year of follow-up 0.00 [-0.00, 0.01]
15 studies · 10768 participants
GRADE not reported

Show 2 more findings

Caries Progression Rates Revisited: A Systematic Review. 2019 All outcomes
Per additional year of follow-up · Western or comparable populations · Adjusted for groups 1-3 including decade and preventive intervention
Meta-regression beta per year of follow-up -0.00 [-0.02, 0.02]
15 studies · 10768 participants
GRADE not reported
Caries Progression Rates Revisited: A Systematic Review. 2019 All outcomes
Per additional year of follow-up · Western or comparable populations · Not adjusted
Meta-regression beta per year of follow-up -0.00 [-0.01, 0.01]
15 studies · 10768 participants
GRADE not reported