Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
Relaxation showed no clear difference in pain intensity compared with occlusal (oral) appliance; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomesTreatment completion · Adolescents (12-19 years)
Not pooled. Wahlund 2015: MD 3.70 (95% CI -1.21 to 8.61), n=57 (relaxation 28, appliance 29); Wahlund 2003: MD not reported, n=83 (relaxation 41, appliance 42). Both studies were in adolescents; the occlusal appliance…
2 studies · 140 participants
GRADE not reported
Adverse events · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
1 finding from 1 review
Average pain scores (0-100 VAS) · People with cancer receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy (or both) who have oral mucositis
Relaxation and imagery training showed no clear difference in average pain scores (0-100 VAS) compared with control (treatment as usual); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Psychological / counselling interventions (counselling, acupuncture, cognitive behavioural therapy, relaxation therapy, behaviour modification, electromyographic biofeedback, hypnosis, re-education) vs Another intervention, or no intervention
Outcome not reported · Patients of any age in any setting requiring intervention for iatrogenic injury to the inferior alveolar or lingual nerve
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Results: 'No studies evaluated ... psychological interventions.' No eligible RCT of psychological / counselling interventions (CBT, relaxation, behaviour modification, biofeedback, hypnosis, re-education, acupuncture).
0 studies
No studies found
Self-reported joint pain when chewing · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Muscle pain when chewing · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Muscle pain at rest · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Joint pain at rest · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
It is very uncertain whether occlusal splint changes joint pain at rest compared with behavioural therapy (counselling, CBT, relaxation, self-care… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Frequency of joint noise · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Recurrence · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Range of mandibular motion · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
Occlusal splint showed no clear difference in range of mandibular motion compared with behavioural therapy (counselling, CBT, relaxation, self-care…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Severity of joint noise · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Patient discomfort · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Participant satisfaction or quality of life · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
Occlusal splint showed no clear difference in participant satisfaction or quality of life compared with behavioural therapy (counselling, CBT, relaxation, self-care…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
Hypnosis showed no clear difference in pain intensity compared with relaxation; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Not pooled (clinical heterogeneity). Abrahamsen 2011: MD -1.00 (95% CI -2.27 to 0.27), n=38 (hypnosis 19, relaxation 19); Stam 1984: MD not reported, n=27 (hypnosis 12, relaxation 15).
2 studies · 65 participants
GRADE not reported
Reduction in pain intensity · Adults over 18 years of age with chronic orofacial pain (temporomandibular disorder (TMD))
Hypnosis led to lower pain intensity (short term) compared with relaxation; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Depression (short term) · Adults over 18 years of age with chronic orofacial pain (temporomandibular disorder (TMD))
Hypnosis led to lower depression (short term) compared with relaxation; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Anxiety · Adults over 18 years of age with chronic orofacial pain (temporomandibular disorder (TMD))
Hypnosis showed no clear difference in anxiety (short term) compared with relaxation; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Occlusal splint vs Behaviour therapy (sleep hygiene, relaxation, psychotherapy, hypnosis, biofeedback)
Outcome not reported · People with sleep bruxism (tooth grinding or clenching); children (greater than 1 year old) and adults; diagnosis clinical,…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review