Preoperative radiotherapy probably leads to lower overall mortality ( compared with surgery alone (moderate certainty).
Preoperative radiotherapy showed no clear difference in overall mortality ‐ only total mesorectal excision ( compared with surgery alone (low certainty).
Preoperative radiotherapy showed no clear difference in cause‐specific mortality ( compared with surgery alone (low certainty).
Preoperative radiotherapy probably leads to lower local recurrence ( compared with surgery alone (moderate certainty).
Preoperative radiotherapy showed no clear difference in curative resection ( compared with surgery alone (low certainty).
Preoperative radiotherapy showed no clear difference in sphincter preservation ( compared with surgery alone (low certainty).
Preoperative radiotherapy may leads to higher postoperative morbidity ‐ sepsis (within 30 days after surgery) compared with surgery alone (low certainty).
Preoperative radiotherapy may leads to higher postoperative morbidity ‐ surgical complications (within 30 days… compared with surgery alone (low certainty).
Combination chemotherapy probably leads to lower radiotherapy compliance compared with single‐agent chemotherapy (moderate certainty).
Adjunctive Coriolus versicolor may leads to higher survival ‐ compared with no adjunctive treatment (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether adjunctive Coriolus versicolor changes withdrawal from treatment due to adverse events ‐ compared with no adjunctive treatment (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether adjunctive Coriolus versicolor changes adverse events: Oral cavity disorders (includes oral dryness and… compared with no adjunctive treatment (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether adjunctive Coriolus versicolor changes adverse events: Nausea ‐ compared with no adjunctive treatment (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether adjunctive Coriolus versicolor changes adverse events: Diarrhoea ‐ compared with no adjunctive treatment (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether adjunctive Coriolus versicolor changes adverse events: Neutrophils decreased ‐ compared with no adjunctive treatment (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether adjunctive Coriolus versicolor changes adverse events: Fatigue ‐ compared with no adjunctive treatment (very low certainty).