Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

45 questions · 51 findings · 6 reviews

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No studies found 9 · 17.6%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 17 · 33.3%Low 22 · 43.1%Moderate 3 · 5.9%High 0 · 0%

Psychological therapies (cognitive therapy) vs placebo

Change in feeling of dryness · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
short-term (up to 3 months)
SoF8: No included study reported change in feeling of dryness.
0 studies
No studies found

Psychological therapies (cognitive therapy) vs placebo

QoL · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
short-term (up to 3 months)
SoF8: No included study reported change in QoL.
0 studies
No studies found

Psychological therapies (cognitive therapy) vs placebo

Relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether psychological therapies (cognitive therapy) changes relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
long-term (>3 to 6 months)
MD -3.20 [-4.22, -2.18]
1 study · 30 participants
Very low

Psychological therapies (cognitive therapy) vs placebo

Change in taste · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
short-term (up to 3 months)
SoF8: No included study reported change in taste.
0 studies
No studies found

Psychological therapies (cognitive therapy) vs placebo

Adverse effects · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
short-term (up to 3 months)
SoF8: No included study reported the occurrence of adverse events.
0 studies
No studies found

CBT vs alternative treatment

Mental distress · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) may leads to lower psychological distress at follow-up compared with alternative (active) treatment (e.g. oral splint, medication,… (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Follow-up
SMD -0.32 [-0.51, -0.13]
6 studies · 516 participants
Low
Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Treatment completion
SMD -0.32 [-0.50, -0.15]
6 studies · 553 participants
Low

CBT vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Mental distress · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) showed no clear difference in psychological distress at follow-up compared with usual care, waiting list or no treatment (control) (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Follow-up
MD -1.02 [-4.02, 1.98]
1 study · 101 participants
Low
Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Treatment completion
MD 2.36 [-1.17, 5.89]
1 study · 101 participants
Low

Cognitive behaviour therapy vs supportive psychotherapy

Short‐term improvement as measured on a continuous scale ( · adults with panic disorder

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 152 participants
Low

Cognitive behaviour therapy vs psychodynamic psychotherapy

Short‐term remission · adults with panic disorder

It is very uncertain whether cognitive behaviour therapy changes short‐term remission ( compared with psychodynamic psychotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.94 [0.27, 3.45]
1 study · 54 participants
Very low

Cognitive behaviour therapy vs psychodynamic psychotherapy

Short‐term response ( · adults with panic disorder

It is very uncertain whether cognitive behaviour therapy changes short‐term response ( compared with psychodynamic psychotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.05 [0.28, 4]
1 study · 54 participants
Very low

Cognitive behaviour therapy vs psychodynamic psychotherapy

Short‐term dropouts ( · adults with panic disorder

It is very uncertain whether cognitive behaviour therapy changes short‐term dropouts ( compared with psychodynamic psychotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.92 [0.56, 6.67]
1 study · 54 participants
Very low

Cognitive behaviour therapy vs psychodynamic psychotherapy

Long‐term remission/response · adults with panic disorder

Cognitive behaviour therapy showed no clear difference in long‐term remission/response ( compared with psychodynamic psychotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.25 [0.37, 4.17]
1 study · 54 participants
Low

Cognitive behaviour therapy vs psychodynamic psychotherapy

Short‐term improvement as measured on a continuous scale ( · adults with panic disorder

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 54 participants
Very low

Cognitive behaviour therapy vs supportive psychotherapy

Short‐term remission · adults with panic disorder

Cognitive behaviour therapy showed no clear difference in short‐term remission ( compared with supportive psychotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.67 [0.25, 1.82]
3 studies · 176 participants
Low

Cognitive behaviour therapy vs supportive psychotherapy

Short‐term response ( · adults with panic disorder

It is very uncertain whether cognitive behaviour therapy changes short‐term response ( compared with supportive psychotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.12 [0.4, 3.26]
3 studies · 176 participants
Very low

Cognitive behaviour therapy vs supportive psychotherapy

Short‐term dropouts ( · adults with panic disorder

It is very uncertain whether cognitive behaviour therapy changes short‐term dropouts ( compared with supportive psychotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.64 [0.28, 1.43]
3 studies · 176 participants
Very low

Cognitive behaviour therapy vs supportive psychotherapy

Long‐term remission/response · adults with panic disorder

Cognitive behaviour therapy showed no clear difference in long‐term remission/response ( compared with supportive psychotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 2.09 [0.73, 5.98]
1 study · 80 participants
Low

Cognitive behaviour therapy vs no treatment

Short‐term remission · adults with panic disorder

It is very uncertain whether cognitive behaviour therapy changes short‐term remission ( compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 2.78 [0.54, 14.29]
2 studies · 357 participants
Very low

Cognitive behaviour therapy vs no treatment

Short‐term response ( · adults with panic disorder

It is very uncertain whether cognitive behaviour therapy changes short‐term response ( compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 7.14 [1.25, 50]
2 studies · 357 participants
Very low

Cognitive behaviour therapy vs no treatment

Short‐term dropouts ( · adults with panic disorder

It is very uncertain whether cognitive behaviour therapy changes short‐term dropouts ( compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 6.25 [0.26, 100]
4 studies · 278 participants
Very low