What do systematic reviews say?

Probiotics vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for solid organ transplant recipients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Probiotics vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for solid organ transplant recipients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Probiotics vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for solid organ transplant recipients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Probiotics vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for solid organ transplant recipients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Probiotics vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for solid organ transplant recipients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Probiotics vs antibiotic prophylaxis

Probiotics showed no clear difference in all symptomatic UTI by 1 year compared with antibiotic prophylaxis (low certainty).

• Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.56, 1.21]
  2 studies · 248 participants
  Low

Probiotics vs antibiotic prophylaxis

Probiotics showed no clear difference in febrile UTI by 1 year compared with antibiotic prophylaxis (low certainty).

• Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.37, 1.83]
  1 study · 120 participants
  Low

Probiotics vs antibiotic prophylaxis

Probiotics may leads to lower E. coli resistance to prophylactic drug compared with antibiotic prophylaxis (low certainty).

• Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.38 [0.21, 0.69]
  2 studies · 38 participants
  Low

Probiotics vs antibiotic prophylaxis

Probiotics showed no clear difference in renal parenchymal defects on DMSA scan ‐ Patient data at 1 year compared with antibiotic prophylaxis (low certainty).

• Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.69 [0.43, 1.11]
  2 studies · 152 participants
  Low

Probiotics vs antibiotic prophylaxis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Probiotics vs antibiotic prophylaxis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in symptomatic bacterial UTI in adults and children in patients with… (low certainty).

• Probiotics for preventing urinary tract infections in adults and children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.75 [0.5, 1.13]
  6 studies · 352 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in symptomatic bacterial UTI in adults and children with recurrent UTI… (low certainty).

• Probiotics for preventing urinary tract infections in adults and children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.74 [0.54, 1.01]
  4 studies · 275 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in symptomatic bacterial UTI in women with recent UTI Probiotics versus… (low certainty).

• Probiotics for preventing urinary tract infections in adults and children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.12 [0.95, 1.33]
  1 study · 223 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in symptomatic bacterial UTI in children with VUR Probiotics versus… (low certainty).

• Probiotics for preventing urinary tract infections in adults and children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.54 [0.24, 1.23]
  1 study · 96 participants
  Low

Synbiotic vs another synbiotic

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Synbiotic vs prebiotic

• Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 42 participants
  Very low

Synbiotic vs prebiotic

It is very uncertain whether synbiotic changes change in any GI upset (borborygmi) compared with prebiotic (very low certainty).

• Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 15.26 [0.99, 236.23]
  1 study · 34 participants
  Very low

Synbiotic vs prebiotic

• Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 56 participants
  Very low

Synbiotic vs prebiotic

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found