Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

539 questions · 553 findings · 58 reviews · Airways · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 37 · 6.7%GRADE not reported 8 · 1.4%Very low 27 · 4.9%Low 161 · 29.1%Moderate 219 · 39.6%High 101 · 18.3%

Intervention not reported

Mortality (all‐cause) ‐ formoterol versus placebo ( · patients with chronic asthma

The intervention showed no clear difference in mortality (all‐cause) ‐ formoterol versus placebo ( (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

SAEs ‐ formoterol versus placebo ( · patients with chronic asthma (children)

The intervention leads to higher SAEs ‐ formoterol versus placebo ( (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant vs placebo

Participants with no exacerbations in study period · adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant probably leads to higher number of participants with no exacerbations during the study period compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant vs placebo

Mortality (all‐cause) · adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant showed no clear difference in mortality (all‐cause) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant vs placebo

Respiratory‐related mortality · adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant showed no clear difference in mortality (respiratory‐related) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review