Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

25 questions · 26 findings · 3 reviews · Fertility Regulation · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 16 · 61.5%GRADE not reported 6 · 23.1%Very low 0 · 0%Low 2 · 7.7%Moderate 2 · 7.7%High 0 · 0%

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

Aspirin vs paracetamol

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Intravenous paracetamol vs ultracaine paracervical block

Pain with dilation ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at 5+0 to 7+0 weeks' gestation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Intravenous paracetamol vs ultracaine paracervical block

Pain with aspiration ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at 5+0 to 7+0 weeks' gestation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Intravenous paracetamol vs ultracaine paracervical block

Pain during procedurea,b · people requesting a surgical abortion at 5+0 to 7+0 weeks' gestation

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 46 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Intravenous paracetamol 1000 mg vs 2 pumps of cervical lidocaine spray

Pain with dilation ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at 5+0 to 7+0 weeks' gestation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Intravenous paracetamol 1000 mg vs 2 pumps of cervical lidocaine spray

Pain with aspiration ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at 5+0 to 7+0 weeks' gestation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Intravenous paracetamol 1000 mg vs 2 pumps of cervical lidocaine spray

Pain during procedurea,b · people requesting a surgical abortion at 5+0 to 7+0 weeks' gestation

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 48 participants
Low

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

Ibuprofen vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

Menstrual blood loss: mean loss

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) showed no clear difference in menstrual blood loss (alkaline hematin method) compared with placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid); GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 14.11
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.3
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

Duration of bleeding (menstrual diary)

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) showed no clear difference in duration of bleeding (menstrual diary) compared with placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.2
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

Side effects: eye and mouth swelling, stomach cramps, fatigue, irritability (diary record)

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 participants
GRADE not reported

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

Menstrual blood loss Menstruation "more abundant than normal" (questionnaire)

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

Side effects: dyspepsia, diarrhoea, headache, fatigue (questionnaire)

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

Side effects or other adverse events

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

Menstrual blood loss % occurrence of heavy menstrual bleeding (alkaline hematin method)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

Menstrual blood loss % occurrence heavy menstrual bleeding (PBAC score)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Ibuprofen 1600 mg vs paracetamol

Pain score · women having medical abortion before 14 weeks' gestation

1 finding from 1 review

Pain management for medical abortion before 14 weeks’ gestation 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 108 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Ibuprofen 1600 mg vs paracetamol

Gastrointestinal side effects (nausea) ‐ not reported · women having medical abortion before 14 weeks' gestation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pain management for medical abortion before 14 weeks’ gestation 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Ibuprofen 1600 mg vs paracetamol

Gastroinestinal side effects (vomiting) ‐ not reported · women having medical abortion before 14 weeks' gestation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pain management for medical abortion before 14 weeks’ gestation 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Ibuprofen 1600 mg vs paracetamol

Gastrointestinal side effects (diarrhoea) ‐ not reported · women having medical abortion before 14 weeks' gestation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pain management for medical abortion before 14 weeks’ gestation 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found