Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

279 questions · 289 findings · 28 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 81 · 28%GRADE not reported 9 · 3.1%Very low 90 · 31.1%Low 67 · 23.2%Moderate 24 · 8.3%High 18 · 6.2%

Paracetamol vs ibuprofen

Failure of PDA closure after first course of treatment (assessed by post‐treatment ECHO) · preterm or low birth weight infants with PDA

Paracetamol showed no clear difference in failure of PDA closure after first course of treatment (assessed by… compared with ibuprofen (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol vs ibuprofen

Necrotizing enterocolitis during initial hospital stay (by radiological diagnosis) · preterm or low birth weight infants with PDA

Paracetamol showed no clear difference in necrotizing enterocolitisduring initial hospital stay (by… compared with ibuprofen (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol vs indomethacin

Failure of PDA closure after first course of treatment (assessed by post‐treatment ECHO) · preterm infants with PDA

Paracetamol showed no clear difference in failure of PDA closure after first course of treatment (assessed by… compared with indomethacin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol vs placebo

Mean change in pain (0–100 scale) Short term (3–12 weeks), where 0 = no pain · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Paracetamol showed no clear difference in mean change in pain (0–100 scale) Short term (3–12 weeks), where 0 =… compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Paracetamol showed no clear difference in withdrawals due to adverse events 24 weeks compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol vs placebo

Total adverse events: number experiencing 24 weeks · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Paracetamol showed no clear difference in total adverse events: number experiencing 24 weeks compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol vs placebo

Liver toxicity: number experiencing abnormal liver function tests 24 weeks · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Paracetamol probably leads to higher liver toxicity: number experiencing abnormal liver function tests 24… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review